Unit Publications

Dr Foster Unit publications and links to the publications can be found below. This list represents the current list up to February 2012. More recent publications can be found in individual staff member's personal pages.

All Publications

Journals

• Vamos EP; Millett C; Parsons C; Aylin P; Majeed A; Bottle A. (Feb 2012). Nationwide study on trends in hospital admissions for major cardiovascular events and procedures among people with and without diabetes in England, 2004-2009. Diabetes Care. 35:265-272.
• Mamidanna R; Bottle A; Aylin P; Faiz O; Hanna GB. (Feb 2012). Short-term outcomes following open versus minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer in England: a population-based national study. Ann Surg. 255:197-203
• Almoudaris AM; Burns EM; Mamidanna R; Bottle A; Aylin P; Vincent C; Faiz O. (Dec 2011). Value of failure to rescue as a marker of the standard of care following reoperation for complications after colorectal resection. Br J Surg. 98:1775-1783.
• Mamidanna R; Burns EM; Bottle A; Aylin P; Stonell C; Hanna GB; Faiz O. (published online 21 Nov 2011). Reduced Risk of Medical Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Selected for Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection in England: A Population-Based Study. Arch Surg.
• Tsang C; Palmer W; Bottle A; Majeed A; Aylin P. (6 Sep 2011). A Review of Patient Safety Measures Based on Routinely Collected Hospital Data. Am J Med Qual.
• Mayer EK; Bottle A; Aylin P; Darzi AW; Vale JA; Athanasiou T. (Sep 2011). What is the role of risk-adjusted funnel plots in the analysis of radical cystectomy volume-outcome relationships?. BJU Int. 108:844-850.
• Koshy E; Murray J; Bottle A; Sharland M; Saxena S. (Sep 2011). Validity of using Hospital Episode Statistics data on monitoring disease trends Response. THORAX. 66:827-828.
• Tsang C; Majeed A; Aylin P. (30 Aug 2011). Routinely recorded patient safety events in primary care: a literature review. Family Practice 2011; 0:1-8  doi:10.1093/fampra/cmr050
• García Álvarez L; Aylin P; Tian J; King C; Catchpole M; Hassall S; Whittaker-Axon K; Holmes A. (23 Aug 2011). Data linkage between existing healthcare databases to support hospital epidemiology. J Hosp Infect. Volume 79, Issue 3, November 2011, Pages 231-235.
• Vamos EP; Pape U; Bottle A; Hamilton FL; Curcin V; Ng A; Molokhia M; Car J; et al. Association of practice size and pay-for-performance with quality of diabetes management in primary care.CMAJ.
  2011 Sep 6;183(12):E809-16. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
• Burns EM; Bottle A; Aylin P; Darzi A; Nicholls RJ; Faiz O. (16 Aug 2011). Variation in reoperation after colorectal surgery in England as an indicator of surgical performance: retrospective analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics. BMJ 2011;343:bmj.d4836
• Subbe CP; Bottle RA; Bell D. (Aug 2011). Acute Medicine: Triage, timing and teaching in the context of medical emergency admissions. Eur J Intern Med. 22:339-343.
• Burns EM; Rigby E; Mamidanna R; Bottle A; Aylin P; Ziprin P; Faiz OD. (27 Jul 2011). Systematic review of discharge coding accuracy. J Public Health (Oxf).
• Bottle A; Jarman B; Aylin P. (published online 25 Jul 2011). Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratios: Sensitivity Analyses on the Impact of Coding. Health Serv Res Health Serv Res. 46:1741-1761 (Dec 2011)
• Alexandrescu R; Jen MH; Bottle A; Jarman B; Aylin P. (published online 22 Jul 2011). Logistic vs Hierarchical Modeling: An Analysis of a Statewide Inpatient Sample. J Am Coll Surg. 213:392-401 (Sept) 
• Bottle A; Aylin P. (published online 15 Jul 2011). Comorbidity scores for administrative data benefited from adaptation to local coding and diagnostic practices. J Clin Epidemiol. 64:1426-1433 (Dec)
• Jen MH; Saxena S; Bottle A; Aylin P; Pollok RC. (Jun 2011). Increased health burden associated with Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 33:1322-1331
• Jen MH; Bottle A; Kirkwood G; Johnston R; Aylin P. (published online 10 May 2011). The performance of automated case-mix adjustment regression model building methods in a health outcome prediction setting. Health Care Manag Sci. 14:267-278 (Sept)
• Dalton AR; Bottle A; Okoro C; Majeed A; Millett C. (published online 5 May 2011). Uptake of the NHS Health Checks programme in a deprived, culturally diverse setting: cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf). 33:422-429 (Sept 2011)
• Lazzarino AI; Palmer W; Bottle A; Aylin P. (Mar 2011). Inequalities in stroke patients' management in english public hospitals: a survey on 200,000 patients. PLoS One. 6:e17219.
• Burns EM; Bottle A; Aylin P; Clark SK; Tekkis PP; Darzi A; Nicholls RJ; Faiz O. (Mar 2011). Volume analysis of outcome following restorative proctocolectomy. Br J Surg. 98:408-417.
• Mayer EK; Bottle A; Aylin P; Darzi AW; Athanasiou T; Vale JA. (published online 11 Feb 2011). The volume-outcome relationship for radical cystectomy in England: an analysis of outcomes other than mortality. BJU Int. 108:E258-E265 (Oct)
• Loganathan M; Singh S; Franklin BD; Bottle A; Majeed A. (published online 24 Jan 2011). Interventions to optimise prescribing in care homes: systematic review. Age Ageing (40:150-162 March 2011)
• Almoudaris AM; Burns EM; Bottle A; Aylin P; Darzi A; Faiz O. (Jan 2011). A colorectal perspective on voluntary submission of outcome data to clinical registries. Br J Surg. 98:132-139.
• Bottle A; Jarman B; Aylin P. (2010). Strengths and weaknesses of hospital standardised mortality ratios. BMJ. 342:c7116.
• Vamos EP; Bottle A; Edmonds ME; Valabhji J; Majeed A; Millett C. (Dec 2010). Changes in the incidence of lower extremity amputations in people with and without diabetes in England between 2004 and 2008. Diabetes Care. 33:2592-2597.
• Calderón-Larrañaga A; Carney L; Soljak M; Bottle A; Partridge M; Bell D; Abi-Aad G; Aylin P; et al. (12 Nov 2010). Association of population and primary healthcare factors with hospital admission rates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in England: national cross-sectional study. Thorax.66:191-196 (March 2011)
• Ougrin D; Zundel T; Ng A; Banarsee R; Bottle A; Taylor E. (published online 27 Oct 2010). Trial of Therapeutic Assessment in London: randomised controlled trial of Therapeutic Assessment versus standard psychosocial assessment in adolescents presenting with self-harm. Arch Dis Child. (96:148-153 Feb 2011)
• Laverty AA; Bottle A; Majeed A; Millett C. (published online 12 Oct 2010). Blood pressure monitoring and control by cardiovascular disease status in UK primary care: 10 year retrospective cohort study 1998-2007. J Public Health (Oxf). 33:302-309 (June 2011)
• Wu TY; Jen MH; Bottle A; Liaw CK; Aylin P; Majeed A. (published online 5 Oct 2010). Admission rates and in-hospital mortality for hip fractures in England 1998 to 2009: time trends study. J Public Health (Oxf 33:284-291 June 2011)
• Hamilton FL; Bottle A; Vamos EP; Curcin V; Anthea; Molokhia M; Majeed A; Millett C. (Oct 2010). Impact of a pay-for-performance incentive scheme on age, sex, and socioeconomic disparities in diabetes management in UK primary care. J Ambul Care Manage. 33:336-349.
• Tsang C; Majeed A; Banarsee R; Gnani S; Aylin P. (2010). Recording of adverse events in English general practice: analysis of data from electronic patient records. Inform Prim Care. 18:117-124.
• Koshy E; Murray J; Bottle A; Sharland M; Saxena S. (Sep 2010). Impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV7) programme on childhood hospital admissions for bacterial pneumonia and empyema in England: national time-trends study, 1997-2008. Thorax. 65:770-774.
• Dalton AR; Bottle A; Okoro C; Majeed A; Millett C. (published online 28 Aug 2010). Implementation of the NHS Health Checks programme: baseline assessment of risk factor recording in an urban culturally diverse setting. Fam Pract 28:34-40 (Feb 2011)
• Bottle A; Aylin P. (published online 25 Aug 2010). Predicting the false alarm rate in multi-institution mortality monitoring. Journal of the Operational Research Society 62:1711-1718 (Sept 2011)
• Burns EM; Naseem H; Bottle A; Lazzarino AI; Aylin P; Darzi A; Moorthy K; Faiz O. (2010). Introduction of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in England: observational population cohort study. BMJ. 341:c4296.
• Gandy A; Kvaloy JT; Bottle A; Zhou F. (Jun 2010). Risk-adjusted monitoring of time to event. BIOMETRIKA. 97:375-388.
•  Lazzarino AI; Nagpal K; Bottle A; Faiz O; Moorthy K; Aylin P. (Aug 2010). Open versus minimally invasive esophagectomy: trends of utilization and associated outcomes in England. Ann Surg. 252:292-298.
• Jarman B; Aylin P; Bottle A. (2010). Hospital mortality ratios. A plea for reason. BMJ. 340:c2744.
• Wu TY; Jen MH; Bottle A; Molokhia M; Aylin P; Bell D; Majeed A. (Jun 2010). Ten-year trends in hospital admissions for adverse drug reactions in England 1999-2009. J R Soc Med. 103:239-250
• Curicn V; Bottle A; Molokhia M; Millett C; Majeed A. (published online 4 May 2010). Towards a scientific workflow methodology for primary care database studies. Stat Methods Med Res 19:378-393 (Aug 2010).
• Faiz O; Haji A; Bottle A; Clark S; Darzi A; Aylin P. (published online 19 Apr 2010). Elective colonic surgery for cancer in the elderly: an investigation into postoperative mortality in English NHS hospitals between 1996 and 2007. Colorectal Dis 13:779-785 (July 2011)
• Faiz O; Haji A; Burns E; Bottle A; Kennedy R; Aylin P. (published online 5 Apr 2010). Hospital stay amongst patients undergoing major elective colorectal surgery: predicting prolonged stay and readmissions in NHS hospitals. Colorectal Dis 13:816-822 (July 2011)
• Faiz O; Warusavitarne J; Bottle A; Tekkis PP; Clark SK; Darzi AW; Aylin P. (Apr 2010). Nonelective excisional colorectal surgery in English National Health Service Trusts: a study of outcomes from Hospital Episode Statistics Data between 1996 and 2007. J Am Coll Surg. 210:390-401.
• Faiz O; Brown T; Bottle A; Burns EM; Darzi AW; Aylin P. (Apr 2010). Impact of hospital institutional volume on postoperative mortality after major emergency colorectal surgery in English National Health Service Trusts, 2001 to 2005. Dis Colon Rectum. 53:393-401.
• Robb E, Jarman B, Suntharalingam G, Higgens C, Tennant R, Elcock K. Using care bundles to reduce in-hospital mortality: quantitative survey. BMJ 2010; 340: c1234
• Mayer EK; Bottle A; Darzi AW; Athanasiou T; Vale JA. (2010). The volume-mortality relation for radical cystectomy in England: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics. BMJ. 340:c1128
• Saxena S; Thompson P; Birger R; Bottle A; Spyridis N; Wong I; Johnson AP; Gilbert R; et al. (Mar 2010). Increasing skin infections and Staphylococcus aureus complications in children, England, 1997-2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 16:530-533.
• Jarman B; Pieter D; van der Veen AA; Kool RB; Aylin P; Bottle A; Westert GP; Jones S. (Feb 2010). The hospital standardised mortality ratio: a powerful tool for Dutch hospitals to assess their quality of care?. Qual Saf Health Care. 19:9-13.
• Aylin P; Yunus A; Bottle A; Majeed A; Bell D. (published online 28 Jan 2010). Weekend mortality for emergency admissions. A large, multicentre study. Qual Saf Health Care 19:213-217 (June 2010).
• Jameson SS; Bottle A; Malviya A; Muller SD; Reed MR. (Jan 2010). The impact of national guidelines for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism on the complications of arthroplasty of the lower limb. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 92:123-129.
• Jen MH; Bottle A; Majeed A; Bell D; Aylin P. (2009). Early in-hospital mortality following trainee doctors' first day at work. PLoS One. 4:e7103-e7103.
• Vamos EP; Bottle A; Majeed A; Millett C. (published online 16 Dec 2009). Trends in lower extremity amputations in people with and without diabetes in England, 1996-2005. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 87:275-282 (Feb 2010).
• Saxena S; Bottle A; Gilbert R; Sharland M. (2009). Increasing short-stay unplanned hospital admissions among children in England; time trends analysis '97-'06. PLoS One. 4:e7484-e7484. 
• Jeyarajah S; Faiz O; Bottle A; Aylin P; Bjarnason I; Tekkis PP; Papagrigoriadis S. (01 Dec 2009). Diverticular disease hospital admissions are increasing, with poor outcomes in the elderly and emergency admissions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 30:1171-1182.
• Mayer EK; Bottle A; Darzi AW; Athanasiou T; Vale JA. (Nov 2009). Provision of radical pelvic urological surgery in England and compliance with improving outcomes guidance. BJU Int. 104:1446-1451.
• Faiz O; Warusavitarne J; Bottle A; Tekkis PP; Darzi AW; Kennedy RH. (Oct 2009). Laparoscopically assisted vs. open elective colonic and rectal resection: a comparison of outcomes in English National Health Service Trusts between 1996 and 2006. Dis Colon Rectum. 52:1695-1704.
• Brown C; Richards M; Galletly T; Coello R; Lawson W; Aylin P; Holmes A. (Sep 2009). Use of anti-infective serial prevalence studies to identify and monitor hospital-acquired infection. J HOSP INFECT. 73:34-40.
• Millett C; Bottle A; Ng A; Curcin V; Molokhia M; Saxena S; Majeed A. (Sep 2009). Pay for performance and the quality of diabetes management in individuals with and without co-morbid medical conditions. J ROY SOC MED. 102:369-377.
• Bottle A; Aylin P. (Aug 2009). Application of AHRQ patient safety indicators to English hospital data. Qual Saf Health Care. 18:303-308. 
• Faiz OD; Bottle A; Aylin P. (May 2009). Is Laparoscopic Appendectomy Associated with Better Outcomes? Reply. ANN SURG. 249:867-868.
• Mayer EK; Bottle A; Rao C; Darzi AW; Athanasiou T. (Mar 2009). Funnel Plots and Their Emerging Application in Surgery. ANN SURG. 249:376-383.
• Bottle A; Millett C; Khunti K; Majeed A. (Jan 2009). Trends in cardiovascular admissions and procedures for people with and without diabetes in England, 1996-2005. DIABETOLOGIA. 52:74-80.
• Aylin P; Bottle A; Jarman B. (2009). Standardised mortality ratios. Monitoring mortality. BMJ. 338:b1745-b1745.
• Jen MH; Holmes AH; Bottle A; Aylin P. (Dec 2008). Descriptive study of selected healthcare-associated infections using national Hospital Episode Statistics data 1996-2006 and comparison with mandatory reporting systems. J Hosp Infect. 70:321-327.
• Vincent C; Aylin P; Franklin BD; Holmes A; Iskander S; Jacklin A; Moorthy K. (13 Nov 2008). Is health care getting safer? BRIT MED J. 337.
• Faiz O; Blackburn SC; Clark J; Bottle A; Curry JI; Farrands P; Aylin P. (Nov 2008). Laparoscopic and conventional appendicectomy in children: outcomes in English hospitals between 1996 and 2006. PEDIATR SURG INT. 24:1223-1227.
• Faiz O; Clark J; Brown T; Bottle A; Antoniou A; Farrands P; Darzi A; Aylin P. (Nov 2008). Traditional and laparoscopic appendectomy in adults: outcomes in English NHS hospitals between 1996 and 2006. Ann Surg. 248:800-806.
• Millett C; Gray J; Bottle A; Majeed A. (Nov 2008). Ethnic Disparities in Blood Pressure Management in Patients With Hypertension After the Introduction of Pay for Performance. ANN FAM MED. 6:490-496.
• Aylin P; Bottle A; Kirkwood G; Bell D. (Aug 2008). Trends in hospital admissions for pulmonary embolism in England: 1996/7 to 2005/6. Clin Med. 8:388-392.
• Bottle A; Millett C; Xie Y; Saxena S; Wachter RM; Majeed A. (Jul 2008). Quality of primary care and hospital admissions for diabetes mellitus in England. J Ambul Care Manage. 31:226-238.
• Faiz O; Aylin P; Bottle A. (Jun 2008). Changing trends in surgery for acute appendicitis (Br J Surg 2008; 95: 363-368). Br J Surg. 95:801; author reply 801.
• Bottle A; Aylin P. (May 2008). How NHS trusts could use patient safety indicators to improve care. Health Care Risk Report. 12-14.
• Aylin P; Bottle A; Faiz O. (Apr 2008). Demonstrating safety through in-hospital mortality analysis following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in England (Br J Surg 2008; 95: 64-71). Br J Surg. 95:533; author reply 533-534; author reply 534.
• Heijink R; Koolman X; Pieter D; van der Veen A; Jarman B; Westert G. (3 Apr 2008). Measuring and explaining mortality in Dutch hospitals; The hospital standardized mortality rate between 2003 and 2005. BMC HEALTH SERV RES. 8
• Bottle A, Aylin P. Intelligent Information: a national system for monitoring clinical performance. Health Services Research Feb 2008;43:10-31.
• Mohammed Garout, Henry S Tilney, Paris P Tekkis, Paul Aylin. Comparison of Administrative Data with the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain And Ireland (ACPGBI) Colorectal Cancer Database. Int J Colorectal Dis. Feb 2008;23:155-163.
• Bottle A; Gnani S;Aylin P; Mainous AG; Majeed A. Association Between Quality of Primary Care and Hospitalization for Coronary Heart Disease in England: National Cross-sectional Study. J Gen Intern Med. Feb 2008;23:135-141. 
• Tilney HS; Heriot AG; Purkayastha S; Antoniou A; Aylin P; Tekkis PP. A national perspective on the decline of abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer. Ann Surg Jan 2008;247:77-84.
• Aylin P; Bottle A. (Dec 2007). Are hospital league tables calculated correctly? A commentary. Public Health. 121:905-906.
• Aylin P; Bottle A; Elliott P. (27 Oct 2007). Surgical mortality - Hospital episode statistics v central cardiac audit database. BRIT MED J. 335:839-839.
• Aylin P, Bottle A, Majeed, A. Use of administrative data or clinical databases as predictors of risk of death in hospital: comparison of models. BMJ, May 2007; 334:1044-1044.
• Aylin P, Lees T, Baker S, Prytherch D, Ashley S. Descriptive study comparing Hospital Episode Statistics with the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland’s National Vascular Database. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. April 2007; 33:461-465.
• Bottle A, Aylin P, Majeed A. Identifying patients at high risk of emergency hospital admissions: a logistic regression analysis. JR Soc Med, Aug 2006; 99:406-414.
• Wright J, Dugdale B, Hammond I, Jarman B, Neary M et al. Learning from death: a hospital mortality reduction programme. JR Soc Med, June 2006; 99:303-308.
• Bottle A, Aylin P. Mortality associated with delay in operation after hip fracture: observational study. BMJ 2006;332:947-951.
• Majeed A, Aylin P. The ageing population of the United Kingdom and cardiovascular disease. BMJ 2005;331:1362. 
• Aylin P; Williams S; Bottle A. (19 Nov 2005). Obesity and type 2 diabetes in children, 1996-7 to 2003-4. BMJ. 331:1167
• Aylin P, Williams S, Jarman B, Bottle B. Trends in day surgery rates. BMJ, Oct 2005; 331: 80310.
  Aylin P, Williams S, Jarman B, Bottle A. Variation in operation rates by primary care trust. BMJ, Sep 2005; 331: 539.
• Williams S, Bottle A, Aylin P. Length of hospital stay and subsequent emergency readmission. BMJ, Aug 2005; 331: 371.
• Ward H, Cassell J, Williams S, Aylin P. Hospital indicators of poor sexual health. BMJ, May 2005; 330: 1173.
• Williams, S, Bottle, A, Rogers, R, Aylin, P. “Frequent flier” patients. BMJ 2005, 330:869
  22.
• Rogers, R, Williams, S, Jarman, B, Aylin, P. “HRG drift” and payment by results. BMJ 2005, 330: 563.
• Jarman, B, Bottle, A, Aylin, P, Browne, M. Monitoring changes in hospital standardised mortality ratios. BMJ 2005, 330: 329.
• Williams, S, Hickman, M, Bottle, A, Aylin, P. Hospital admissions for drug and alcohol use in people aged under 45. BMJ 2005, 330: 115.
• Bottle A, Aylin P. Variations in vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy by region and trust in England. BJOG 2005, 112: 3: 326-328.
• Jarman, B & Aylin, P. Death rates in England and Wales and the United States: variation with age, sex, and race. BMJ 2004, 329: 1367.
• Azeem, M, Williams, S, Jarman, B, Aylin, P. Prescribing of antibiotics and admissions for respiratory tract infections. BMJ 2004, 329: 879.
• Aylin P, Bottle B, Jarman B, Elliott P. Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality in England after Bristol: Descriptive analysis of hospital episode statistics 1991-2002. BMJ 2004;329:825.
• Majeed A, Aylin P, Williams S, Bottle A, Jarman B. Prescribing of lipid regulating drugs and admissions for myocardial infarction in England BMJ 2004; 329: 645.
• Aylin P, Tanna S, Bottle A, Jarman B. How often are adverse events reported in English hospital statistics? BMJ 2004; 329: 369.
• Jarman B, Aylin P, Bottle A. CHI ratings and HSMRs: is there a relation? BMJ 2004; 329:73.
• Barley K, Aylin P, Bottle A, Jarman B. Social class and elective caesareans in the English NHS. BMJ 2004;328: 1399.
• Marshall EC, Best NG, Bottle A, Aylin P. Statistical issues in the prospective monitoring of health outcomes at multiple units. J R Stat Soc Series A 2004;167(3):541-559.
• Bottle A, Jarman B, Aylin P. Some way to go for consistent implementation of guidance on hip fracture. BMJ 2004;328:1097.
• Aylin P; Williams S; Bottle A; Jarman B. (20 Nov 2004). Counting hospital activity: spells or episodes?. BRIT MED J. 329:1206A-1207
• Jarman B, Aylin P, Bottle A. Trends in admissions and deaths in English NHS hospitals. BMJ 2004; 328: 855.
• Jarman B, Aylin P, Bottle A. Discharge destination and length of stay: differences between US and English hospitals for people aged 65 and over. BMJ 2004;328: 605.
• Jarman B, Aylin P, Bottle A. Acute stroke units and early CT scans are linked to lower in-hospital mortality rates. BMJ 2004;328:369.
• Aylin P; Best N; Bottle A; Marshall C. (11 Oct 2003). Monitoring of mortality rates in primary care - Reply. LANCET. 362:1239-1239.
• Aylin, P, Best, NG, Bottle, A and Marshall, C. Following Shipman: a pilot system for monitoring mortality rates in primary care. The Lancet 2003;362:485-91.
• Hansell A, Aylin P. Use of health data in health impact assessment. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 2003;21(1):57-64.
• Aylin P; Jarman SB; Kelsey T. (21 Jun 2003). What hospital mortality league tables tell you. BMJ. 326:1397-1398
• Wallace S. Aylin P. Bottle A. Killen R. Capacity planning. Figures you can count on. Health Service Journal 2003. 113(5842):30-1. 
• Jarman B. Bottle A. Aylin P. Taylor R. Mortality rates. Dead confusing. Health Service Journal 2002. 112(5831):26-7, 2002.
• Spiegelhalter DJ, Aylin P, Best N, Evans SJW, Murray GD. Commissioned analysis of surgical performance using routine data: lessons from the Bristol Inquiry. J R Stat Soc Series A 2002;165:Part 2 pp1-31.
• Bottle A, Hansell A, Aylin P. Hospital episode statistics: time for clinicians to get involved? (letter). Clinical Medicine 2002;2(5):483-484.
• Jarman B; Gault S; Alves B; Hider A; Dolan S; Cook A; Hurwitz B; Iezzoni LI. (05 Jun 1999). Explaining differences in English hospital death rates using routinely collected data. BMJ. 318:1515-1520..