TY - BOOK T1 - Cardiovascular Medicine. Chapter 28 Global differences in atherosclerosis 653-658 A1 - Poole-Wilson, PA ED - Willerson JT, Cohn JN, Wellens HJJ, Holmes DR Y1 - 2007/// VL - 3rd PB - Springer-Verlag CY - London SN - 1-84628-188-1 SP - 1 EP - 2926 N2 - - L1 - http://springer.com ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Innovation in the Biopharmaceutical Industry A1 - Atun, R A A1 - Sheridan, DJ A1 - Attridge, J A1 - Sikora, K A1 - Harvey, I A1 - Wild, J A1 - Gurol-Urganci, I A1 - Kleyn, D A1 - Kitney , R ED - R A Atun and D J Sheridan Y1 - 2007/// PB - World Scientific Publishing Company CY - Singapore SN - 981-270-660-7 SP - 1 EP - 140 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Transplantation Immunology, Methods and Protocols A1 - Hornick,P Y1 - 2006/02// N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemis A1 - Anagnostopoulos CD A1 - Bax JJ A1 - Nihoyannopoulos P A1 - Van der Walls E ED - Anagnostopoulos CD, Baxx JJ, Nihoyannopoulos P, Van der Walls E. Y1 - 2006/// VL - 1 IS - 1 PB - Springer-Verlag London 2006 CY - London,UK SN - 1-84628-027-3 SP - 1 EP - 314 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Echocardiography in the heart made simple. A1 - Ho SY A1 - Rigby ML A1 - Anderson RH Y1 - 2005/07// PB - Imperial College Press CY - London UK SN - 1-86094-124-9 SP - 1 EP - 150 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Adult Congenital Heart Disease: A Practical Guide A1 - Gatzoulis MA ED - Gatzoulis MA; Swan L; Therrin J; Pantely G Y1 - 2005/06// PB - BMJ N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - MCQs for the MRCP Part 1 A1 - Sanderson M A1 - Barnes D A1 - Polkey M A1 - Windrow A Y1 - 2005/06/15/ PB - Kluwer Academic Press N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Manual Of Cardiothoracic Surgery A1 - Punjabi P P Y1 - 2005/01/05/ N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Measurements of exhaled nitric oxide. Paediatric Pulmonary Function Testing. Progress in Respiratory Research. A1 - SA Kharitonov A1 - Kharitonov sa ED - J.Hammer, E.Eber Y1 - 2005/// IS - 33 PB - Karger SP - 166 EP - 180 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - NO-derived markers in exhaled breath condensate. New Perspectives in Monitoring Lung Inflammation. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate. A1 - Kharitonov SA ED - P Montuschi Y1 - 2005/// PB - CRC PRESS N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - An Atlas of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A1 - Hansel TT A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2004/// PB - Parthenon Publishing CY - New York SN - 1-84214-004-3 SP - 1 EP - 290 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Cell Motility:from molecules to organisms A1 - Clark P ED - Ridley A; Peckham M; Clark P Y1 - 2004/01// PB - John Wiley and Sons CY - Chichester, England, UK SN - 0 470 84872 3 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Self-Assessment Colour Review of Cardiology A1 - Rosen SD A1 - Sharma S A1 - Oakley CM Y1 - 2004/// VL - 2nd PB - Manson Publications CY - London UK SN - 1-84076-053-2 SP - 1 EP - 192 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Regulation of Cell Adhesion - Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology A1 - Braga, VMM A1 - Balda, M ED - Braga VMM and Balda M Y1 - 2004/// PB - Elsevier N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Hypertension A1 - Schachter M A1 - Monkman D Y1 - 2004/// PB - Elsevier Churchill Livingstone CY - Edinburgh SN - 0443 074704 SP - 1 EP - 134 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Complete Medicine and Surgery A1 - Kendall G A1 - Shiu KY A1 - Johnston SL Y1 - 2004/// PB - Blackwell Science N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy A1 - Till SJ A1 - Durham SR ED - RF Lockey, SC Bukantz and J Bousquet Y1 - 2004/// VL - 3rd PB - Marcel Dekker SN - 0824756509 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Exhaled breath markers in COPD. Progress in Inflammation Research. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of COPD. A1 - Barnes PJ A1 - Erin EM A1 - Hansel T A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Tan A ED - Clive P. Page and Peter J. Barnes Y1 - 2004/// N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - An Atlas of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A1 - Hansel TT A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2004/// PB - Parthernon Publishing CY - London SN - 1-84214-004-3 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Asthma and COPD A1 - Barnes PJ ED - Page CP; Barnes PJ Y1 - 2004/// PB - Springer CY - Berlin SN - 3-540-00464-5 SP - 1 EP - 376 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - RAPID REFERENCE Cardiovascular disease prevention. A1 - Wood D A1 - Kotseva K Y1 - 2004/// PB - Mosby, Elsevier Ltd N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of COPD. Progress in Inflammation Research. A1 - Hansel T ED - Hansel TT; Barnes PJ Y1 - 2004/// PB - Birkhauser CY - Basel, Boston, Berlin N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - PCR Technology: Current Innovations A1 - Various ED - T. Weissensteiner, H. G. Griffin, A. M. Griffin Y1 - 2003/11/13/ VL - 2 IS - 1 PB - Taylor and Franceis CY - Baton Rouge SN - 0849311845 SP - 1 EP - 416 N2 - - UR - http://www.crcpress.co.uk/shopping_cart/products/product_reviews.asp?id=&parent_id=&sku=1184&pc= L1 - http://www.biosciencenetbase.com/ejournals/books/book_summary/features.asp?id=4747 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congential Heart Disease A1 - Gatzoulis MA ED - Gatzoulis MA; Webb GD; Daubeney P Y1 - 2003/// PB - Churchill Livingstone N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Respiratory infections in allergy and asthma A1 - Johnston SL ED - Papadopoulos NG; Johnston SL Y1 - 2003/// PB - Marcell Dekker CY - New York N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Cough A1 - Morice A A1 - Bush A Y1 - 2003/// PB - Current Medical Literature N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Managing heart failure in primary care - a practical guide A1 - Cowie MR A1 - Kirby M Y1 - 2003/// PB - Bladon Medical Publishing SN - 1-904218-20-2 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of COPD A1 - Hansel T A1 - Barnes PJ ED - Hansel T; Barnes PJ Y1 - 2003/// PB - Birkhauser Verlag SP - 1 EP - 231 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Living with heart failure - a guide for patients A1 - Cowie MR Y1 - 2003/// PB - Bladon Medical Publishing CY - Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire SN - 1-904218-22-9 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The effective management of asthma. U.K. Key advances in clinical practice series A1 - Partridge MR ED - Partridge MR; Miles A Y1 - 2003/// PB - Aesculapius Medical Press SN - 1-9030-4426-X N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance A1 - Manning WJ A1 - Pennell DJ Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Disease markers in exhaled breath A1 - Marczin N A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Yacoub MH A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0817-2 SP - 1 EP - 560 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Disease markers in exhaled breath A1 - Maczin N A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Yacoub MH A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0817-2 SP - 1 EP - 560 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Disease markers in exhaled breath A1 - Marczin N A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Yacoub MH A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0817-2 SP - 1 EP - 560 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance A1 - Pennell DJ ED - Manning WJ; Pennell DJ Y1 - 2002/// PB - Churchill Livingstone SN - 0-443-07519-0 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Growing up with lung disease: the lung in transition to adult life A1 - Bush A A1 - Zach M A1 - Carlsen KH Y1 - 2002/// IS - 7 PB - ERS Monograph SN - 1-9040-9722-7 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Hypertension: A guide to assessment and management A1 - Poulter N A1 - Kirby M Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-9042-1801-6 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Shared care for hypertension A1 - Poulter N A1 - Thom S A1 - Kirby M Y1 - 2001/// SN - 1-8990-6680-2 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 1-8587-3932-2 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Combination Therapy and Hypertension A1 - Schachter M Y1 - 2001/// PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London SN - 1-853-17732-6 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pulmonary circulation A1 - Hughes JMB A1 - Morrell NW Y1 - 2001/// PB - Imperial College Press CY - London SN - 1-8609-4265-2 SP - 1 EP - 376 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Shared care for hypertension A1 - Poulter N A1 - Thom S A1 - Kirby M Y1 - 2001/// SN - 1-8990-6680-2 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Human Airway Inflammation: Sampling techniques and analytical protocols A1 - Donnelly LE Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-89603-923-4 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - New drugs for asthma, allergy and COPD A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// IS - 31 SN - 3-8055-6862-2 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - New drugs for asthma, allergy and COPD A1 - Hansel T Y1 - 2001/// IS - 31 SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 31 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The adult with tetralogy of Fallot A1 - Gatzoulis MA Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-8799-3490-5 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Asthma: critical debates A1 - Johnston SL ED - Johnston SL; Holgate ST Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-6320-5721-1 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - New Drugs for Asthma, Allergy and COPD. Progress in Respiratory Research. A1 - Hansel T ED - Hansel TT; Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// IS - 31 PB - Karger CY - Basel SP - 31 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Human Airway Inflammation: Sampling techniques and analytical protocols A1 - Rogers DF ED - Rogers DF; Donnelly LE Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-89603-923-4 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Asthma & Rhinitis A1 - Till SJ A1 - Durham SR ED - William Busse and Stephen Holgate Y1 - 2000/// VL - 2nd PB - Blackwell Science Ltd SN - 0632041757 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Allergy and allergic diseases: with a view to the future A1 - A.B. Kay (editor) Y1 - 2000/// IS - Br Med Bull 56 PB - Royal Society of Medicine Press Limited CY - London N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Asthma and Allergic Diseases. Physiology, Immunopharmacology and Treatment A1 - G. Marone A1 - K.F. Austen A1 - S.T. Holgate A1 - A.B. Kay A1 - L.M. Lichtenstein (editors) Y1 - 1998/// PB - Academic Press CY - London SP - 1 EP - 439 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Allergy and Allergic Diseases A1 - A.B. Kay (editor) ED - A.B. Kay Y1 - 1997/// VL - 1st IS - volumes 1 and 2 PB - Blackwell Science CY - Oxford SN - 0-86542-867-0 SP - 1 EP - 1738 N2 - - ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Hormone therapy and cardiovascular dynamics A1 - Webb C A1 - Collins P Y1 - 1997/// PB - Martin Dunitz CY - London SN - 1-85317-409-2 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Choroideremia A1 - MacDonald I A1 - Meltzer MR A1 - Smaoui N T2 - GeneReviews at GeneTests: Medical Genetics Information Resource [database online] 1997-2007 Y1 - 2007/04// N2 - - UR - http://www.genetests.org ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The Heart and the kidney A1 - Cowie, MR ED - Willerson, JT, Cohn, JN, Wellens, HJJ, Holmes, DR Jr. T2 - Cardiovascular medicine Y1 - 2007/// VL - 3rd PB - Verlag CY - London SN - 1-84628-188-1 SP - 2819 EP - 2837 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The epidemiology and diagnosis of heart failure A1 - Dar, O A1 - Cowie, MR ED - Fuster, V T2 - Hurst's The Heart Y1 - 2007/// VL - 12th PB - Andover Publishing SP - 713 EP - 723 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Microbulles ciblees pour I'imagerie ultrasonore A1 - Sennoga, CA A1 - Yeh, JS A1 - Seddon, JM A1 - Nourshargh, S A1 - Eckersley, RJ A1 - Haskard, DO A1 - Cosgrove , DO A1 - Nihoyannopoulos, P ED - Tranquart F, Correreas J-M, Bouakaz A T2 - Echographie de Contraste Y1 - 2007/// PB - Springer CY - Paris SP - 321 EP - 328 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Dermatology A1 - D. Naldi, C. Minelli ED - S. Day, S. Green, D. Machin T2 - Textbook of Clinical Trials Y1 - 2006/09/15/ VL - Second PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd CY - Chichester (UK) N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Epidemiology, Clinical Considerations and Prognosis of Lung Cancer. A1 - Shah PL ED - Desai S T2 - Contemporary issues in cancer imaging: Lung Cancer Y1 - 2006/09// VL - 1st edition PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge, UK SP - 1 EP - 11 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Acute respiratory distress syndrome A1 - SJ Finney A1 - G Bellingan ED - G Laurent, S Shapio T2 - Encyclopaedia of Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2006/03// VL - 1 M2 - 1 PB - Academic Press CY - London SN - 0-12-438360-2 SP - 11 EP - 18 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Eotaxins A1 - Sabroe, I A1 - Williams, T.J A1 - Pease, J.E ED - Laurent, G. and Shapiro, S. T2 - Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine. Y1 - 2006/// PB - Elsevier SN - 0-12-438360-2 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Notch A1 - Boyton R ED - Laurent G L and Shapiro S T2 - Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2006/// PB - Elsevier Limited CY - Oxford, UK N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pneumonia: Fungal A1 - Boyton R ED - Laurent G L and Shapiro S T2 - Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2006/// PB - Elsevier Limited CY - Oxford, UK N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mechanosensitive-Mediated Interaction, Integration, and Cardiac Control. A1 - Max Lab ED - Samual Sideman, Rafael Bayer, Amir Landesberg. T2 - Interactive and Integrative Cardiology. Y1 - 2006/// PB - N. Y Academy of Science CY - New York SP - 282 EP - 300 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer A1 - Shah PL ED - KN Syrigos, CM Nutting. C Roussos T2 - Tumours of the Chest. Biology, Diagnosis & Management Y1 - 2006/// VL - 1st PB - Springer CY - Berlin SN - 3-5403-1039-8 SP - 121 EP - 125 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Diffuse parenchymal (interstitial) lung disease A1 - Coker, RK ED - Martyn R Partridge T2 - Understanding Respiratory Medicine-a problem-orientated appproach Y1 - 2006/// VL - First M2 - Single volume PB - Manson Publishing CY - London SN - 1-84076-045-1 SP - 77 EP - 90 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The signs of lung disease: the respiratory examination A1 - Coker, RK A1 - Shovlin, CL ED - Martyn R Partridge T2 - Understanding Respiratory Medicine-a problem-orientated approach Y1 - 2006/// VL - First M2 - Single volume PB - Manson Publishing CY - London SN - 1-84076-045-1 SP - 18 EP - 23 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Regulation of cell-cell adhesion by Rap1 A1 - Fujita, Y A1 - Hogan, C A1 - Braga, V M M ED - C. Der T2 - Methods in Enzymology Y1 - 2006/// M2 - 407 PB - Elsevier SP - 359 EP - 372 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rho GTPase activation by cell-cell adhesion A1 - Erasmus, J A1 - Braga, VMM ED - C. Der and A. Hall T2 - Methods in Enzymology Y1 - 2006/// M2 - 406 PB - Elsevier SP - 402 EP - 415 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Proteinase inhibitors: Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor and Elafin. A1 - Tetley TD ED - Laurent GJ, Shapiro S T2 - Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2006/// PB - Elsevier N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Lung Defence A1 - Boyton R ED - Laurent G L and Shapiro S T2 - Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2006/// PB - Elsevier Limited CY - Oxford, UK N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Suprapontine control of breathing A1 - Moosavi, SH A1 - Paydarfar, D A1 - Shea, SA ED - Ward, DS; Dahan, A; Teppema, L T2 - Pharmacology and pathophysiology of the control of breathing Y1 - 2005/05/24/ M2 - 202 PB - Marcel Dekker CY - New York SN - 0824758900 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Palliative care in heart failure A1 - Gibbs LME A1 - Gibbs JSR ED - Watson M, Lucas C, Hoy A, Back I T2 - Oxford Handbook of Palliative Care Y1 - 2005/// PB - Oxford University Press Inc CY - New York SP - 585 EP - 588 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations A1 - Shovlin CL ED - Haskard DO T2 - Horizons in Medicine Y1 - 2005/// M2 - 17 PB - RCP CY - London SN - 1-8601-6253-3 SP - 333 EP - 343 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pleura, Lungs, Trachea & Bronchi A1 - Shah PL ED - Susan Standring T2 - Grays Anatomy 39th edition Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Churchill Livingstone SN - 0 443 07168 3 SP - 1063 EP - 1086 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mucosal vaccination A1 - Olszewska, W. A1 - Openshaw, P.J.M. ED - Meyers A T2 - Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Y1 - 2005/// PB - Wiley-VCH SP - 601 EP - 622 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Heart & Great Vessels A1 - Shah PL ED - Susan Standring T2 - Grays Anatomy 39th edition Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Churchill Livingstone SN - 0 443 07168 3 SP - 995 EP - 1027 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mediastinum A1 - Shah PL ED - Susan Standring T2 - Grays Anatomy 39th edition Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Churchill Livingstone SN - 0 443 07168 3 SP - 977 EP - 994 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Risk scores for management and prevention of coronary heart disease. A1 - Wood D A1 - Kotseva K ED - M Marmot; P Elliott T2 - Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology. From aetiology to public health. 2nd edition Y1 - 2005/// PB - Oxford University Press SP - 669 EP - 687 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The treatment of heart failure A1 - RS Gardner A1 - TA McDonagh T2 - Recent Advances in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Y1 - 2005/// N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Magnetic stimulation in the assessment of the respiratory muscle pump A1 - Polkey MI A1 - Moxham J ED - Eds Hallett M & Chokroverty S T2 - Magnetic stimulation in clinical neurophysiology (2nd Edition) Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann CY - Philadelphia N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pharmacological characterisation of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte cultures A1 - Ali, N N A1 - Brito-Martins, M A1 - Gorelik, J A1 - Xu, X A1 - Korchev, Y A1 - Zhu, H A1 - Poole-Wilson, P A A1 - Fuller, S J A1 - Harding, S E ED - Habib, N., Gordon, M.Y., Levicar, N. and Jiao, L. T2 - Stem Cells:Repair and Regeneration Y1 - 2005/// PB - Imperial College Press CY - London SP - 139 EP - 147 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Spirometry, an introduction A1 - Stephenson P A1 - Partridge M ED - Dr John Haughney T2 - A primary care guide to COPD Y1 - 2005/// PB - Magister Consulting Ltd CY - Dartford, Kent SN - 1 873839 61 8 SP - 25 EP - 35 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and other pulmonary vascular abnormalities A1 - Shovlin CL A1 - Jackson JE A1 - Hughes JMB ED - Mason, Broaddus, Murray, Nadel T2 - Murray and Nadel's textbook of Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2005/// VL - 4th M2 - 2 PB - Elsevier Saunders CY - Pennsylvania SN - 0-7216-0327-0 SP - 1480 EP - 1501 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Platelets A1 - Pitchford SC A1 - Page CP ED - Laurent GJ, Shapiro SD. T2 - Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine. Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Cambridge SN - 0-12-438360-2 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mechanically Mediated Crosstalk in Heart. A1 - Max Lab ED - Andre Kamkin and Irina Kiseleva T2 - Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues Y1 - 2005/// VL - 1 M2 - 1 PB - Academia CY - Moscow N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Non-viral vectors for gene therapy A1 - Davies JC A1 - Alton EWFW ED - Huang L, Hung MC and Wagner E T2 - Airway gene therapy. Y1 - 2005/// VL - 2 M2 - 2 SP - 291 EP - 314 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Diaphragm & Phrenic Nerve A1 - Shah PL ED - Susan Standring T2 - Grays Anatomy 39th edition Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Churchill Livingstone SN - 0 443 07168 3 SP - 1081 EP - 1086 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Chest Wall A1 - Shah PL ED - Susan Standring T2 - Grays Anatomy 39th edition Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Churchill Livingstone SN - 0 443 07168 3 SP - 951 EP - 968 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Breast A1 - Shah PL ED - Susan Standring T2 - Grays Anatomy 39th edition Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Churchill Livingstone SN - 0 443 07168 3 SP - 969 EP - 976 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Surface Anatomy of the Thorax A1 - Shah PL ED - Susan Standring T2 - Grays Anatomy 39th edition Y1 - 2005/// PB - Elsevier Churchill Livingstone SN - 0 443 07168 3 SP - 945 EP - 950 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mechanoelectric Transduction/Feedback: Physiology and Pathophysiology A1 - Max Lab ED - Matti Weckstrom and Pasi Tavi T2 - Cardiac Mechanotransduction Y1 - 2005/// VL - 1 M2 - 1 PB - Eureka N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The pore of the ryanodine receptor channel A1 - Williams AJ A1 - Chen SRW A1 - Welch W ED - Wehrens XHT; Marks AR T2 - RYANODINE RECEPTORS Structure, function and dysfunction in clinical disease Y1 - 2005/// PB - Springer CY - New York SN - 0-387-23187-0 SP - 43 EP - 52 N2 - - UR - http://www.springeronline.com ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Domiciliary oxygen A1 - Partridge M ED - Dr John Haughney T2 - A primary care guide to COPD Y1 - 2005/// PB - Magister Consulting Ltd CY - Dartford, Kent SN - 1 873839 61 8 SP - 124 EP - 134 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Lung Function and Exercise Testing A1 - Bush A A1 - Rosenthal M ED - Anderson RH, Baker EJ, Macartney F, Rigby ML, Shinebourne EA, Tynan M T2 - Paediatric Cardiology Y1 - 2005/// M2 - 2nd PB - Churchill Livingstone SN - 0-4430-7990-0 SP - 593 EP - 618 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Epidemiology of dysglycaemia, diabetes and cardiovascular disease A1 - Wood DA A1 - Kotseva K ED - G Rosano T2 - Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease Y1 - 2005/// PB - Wolters Kluwer Health, Adis Communications SP - 3 EP - 12 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Regional stretch effects in pathological myocardium. A1 - Lab Max J. ED - Peter Kohl, Frederick Sachs, Michael Franz T2 - Cardiac mechano-electric feedback and arrhythmias: from pipette to patient. Y1 - 2005/// VL - 1 M2 - 1 PB - Elsevier CY - Philadelphia SN - 1-4160-0034-8 SP - 108 EP - 118 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Antiprotease therapy. A1 - Tetley TD ED - Cazzola M, Celli B, Dahl R, Rennard S T2 - Therapeutic strategies in COPD. Y1 - 2005/// PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Oxford SN - 1904392423 SP - 233 EP - 246 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cytokines and Chemokines in Airway Inflammation A1 - Suzanne L Traves ED - Paolo Montuschi T2 - New Perspectives in Monitoring Lung Inflammation Y1 - 2005/// PB - CRC Press CY - Florida, USA SN - 0-415-32465-3 SP - 183 EP - 209 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cardiac Transplantation and Surgical Treatment options in Heart Failure A1 - RS Gardner A1 - TA McDonagh ED - McMurray JJV T2 - Heart Failure Y1 - 2005/// PB - Science Press N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis A1 - Stephenson P A1 - Partridge M ED - Dr John Haughney T2 - A primary care guide to COPD Y1 - 2005/// PB - Magister Consulting Ltd CY - Dartford, Kent SN - 1 873839 61 8 SP - 1 EP - 11 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Self management education in COPD A1 - Partridge M ED - Dr John Haughney T2 - A primary care guide to COPD Y1 - 2005/// PB - Magister Consulting Ltd CY - Dartford, Kent SN - 1 873839 61 8 SP - 96 EP - 106 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Definitions of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A1 - Pride NB ED - Pauwels RA; Postma DS; Weiss ST. T2 - Long-term intervention in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Y1 - 2004/09// PB - Dekker SN - 0 8247 5438 7 SP - 1 EP - 13 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Parainfluenza viruses A1 - Psarras S A1 - Papadopoulos NG A1 - Johnston SL ED - Zuckerman, Banatvala, Griffiths, Pattison and Schoub T2 - Principles and Practice of Clinical Virology Fifth Edition Y1 - 2004/// PB - John Wiley & Son CY - UK SP - 299 EP - 321 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Overview of Airway Mucus Clearance A1 - Rogers DF ED - Rubin BK, van der Schans CP T2 - Therapy for Mucus-Clearance Disorders Y1 - 2004/// PB - Marcel Dekker CY - New York SN - 0-8247-0716-8 SP - 1 EP - 27 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Left Heart Disease and the Pulmonary Circulation A1 - Gibbs JSR A1 - Henein MY ED - Peacock A, Rubin LJ T2 - Pulmonary Circulation Diseases and Their Treatment Y1 - 2004/// PB - Arnold CY - London SP - 346 EP - 355 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mucosal vaccination A1 - Olszewska, W. A1 - Openshaw, P.J.M. ED - Kaufmann, S.H.E T2 - Novel Vaccination Strategies Y1 - 2004/// PB - Wiley-VCH SP - 343 EP - 363 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - HRT and SERMs. A1 - Stevenson JC ED - Woolf AD, Akesson K, Adami S. T2 - The Year Book in Osteoporosis. Y1 - 2004/// PB - Clinical Publishing CY - Oxford SP - 225 EP - 246 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Evaluation of New Drugs for Asthma and COPD: Endpoints, Biomarkers and Clinical Trial Designs A1 - Barnes PJ A1 - Erin EM A1 - Hansel TT A1 - Kharitonov S A1 - Tan AJ A1 - Tennant RC T2 - Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Asthma and COPD Y1 - 2004/// PB - Springer-Verlag CY - Heidelberg N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Lipids partition caveolin-1 from ER membranes into lipid droplets: updating the model of lipid droplet biogenesis. A1 - Severs, N.J A1 - Shotton, D.M. ED - Celis, J.E. T2 - Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook Y1 - 2004/// VL - 3rd PB - Academic Press CY - San Diego SN - 0-12-164714-5 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The influence of genetic factors on leucocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules A1 - Rao RM A1 - Russell AI A1 - Vyse T A1 - Haskard DO ED - Wilkins MR T2 - Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetics Y1 - 2004/// PB - Springer-Verlag SN - 3-540-40204-7 SP - 323 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Nebulized antibiotics in cystic fibrosis and non-CF bronchiectasis in children and adults A1 - Webb AK A1 - Dodd ME A1 - Bush A ED - Boe J, O'Driscoll R, Dennis JH T2 - Practical Handbook of Nebulizer Theory Y1 - 2004/// PB - Martin Dunitz CY - London SP - 115 EP - 136 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Asthma: Clinical features, Diagnosis and Treatment A1 - Partridge MR ED - Albert RK, Spiro SG and Jett JR T2 - Clinical Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2004/// PB - Mosby CY - Philadelphia SN - 0-323-02497-1 SP - 889 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Overview of respiratory muscle function A1 - Polkey MI ED - Alkert RK, Spiro SG & Jett JR T2 - Clinical Respiratory Medicine (2nd Edition) Y1 - 2004/// PB - Mosby SP - 107 EP - 115 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Computed tomography (CT) scans in COPD A1 - Tennant RC A1 - Hansel TT A1 - Hansell DM T2 - Recent Advances in the Pathophysiolgy of COPD. Progress in Inflammatory Research. Y1 - 2004/// PB - Birkhauser CY - Basel, Boston, Berlin N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Respiratory muscles A1 - Polkey M A1 - Barreiro E A1 - Gea J A1 - Orozco-Levi M A1 - Sauleda J A1 - Ferrer A A1 - Ramírez-Sarmiento A A1 - Fiz JA A1 - Gáldiz JB ED - J. Gea ed T2 - Respiratory function monographies, Vol 3 Y1 - 2004/// N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mechanoelectric Feedback/Transduction : Prevalence and Pathophysiology. A1 - Lab MJ ED - Zipes DP Jalliffe J. T2 - Cardiac Electrophysiology From Cell to Bedside Y1 - 2004/// PB - Saunders CY - Philadelphia SN - 0-7216-0323-8 SP - 242 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Coronary Heart Disease A1 - Wood DA A1 - Kotseva KP A1 - Fox K A1 - Bakhai A A1 - Bowker TJ ED - Stevens A; Raftery J; Mant J; Simpson S T2 - Health Care Needs Assessment . The epidemiologically based needs assessment reviews. 1st Series, 2nd Edition Y1 - 2004/// M2 - Vol 1, Chapter 5 PB - Radcliffe Publishing Ltd SP - 373 EP - 448 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Nebulizers in cystic fibrosis and non-CF bronchiectasis in children and adults A1 - Bush A A1 - Suri R A1 - Webb AK ED - Boe J, O'Driscoll R, Dennis JH T2 - Practical Handbook of Nebulizer Theory Y1 - 2004/// PB - Martin Dunitz CY - London SP - 137 EP - 162 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - HIV associated pneumonia in intensive care A1 - Boyton RJ A1 - Mitchell D A1 - Kon OM ED - Griffiths M and Evans T T2 - Respiratory Management in Critical Care Y1 - 2004/// PB - BMJ Publishing Group CY - London, UK SP - 120 EP - 124 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rhinoviruses A1 - Papadopoulos NG A1 - Johnston SL ED - Zuckerman, Banatvala, Griffiths, Pattison and Schoub T2 - Principles and Practice of Clinical Virology Fifth Edition Y1 - 2004/// PB - John Wiley & Son CY - UK N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Positron emission tomography A1 - Camici PG A1 - Spinks T A1 - Rosen SD A1 - Rimoldi O ED - Peter J. Ell, Sam Gambhir T2 - Nuclear medicine in clinical diagnosis and treatment Y1 - 2004/// PB - Churchill Livingstone CY - Edinburgh SP - 1950 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mucus Hypersecretion in COPD A1 - Rogers DF ED - TT Hansel PJ Barnes T2 - Recent Advances in Pathophysiology of COPD Y1 - 2004/// SN - 3-7643-6914-0 SP - 101 EP - 119 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Asthma: Self management plans and patient education A1 - Barlow A A1 - Partridge MR ED - Scadding G and O'Connor B T2 - Key Advances in the Clinical Management of Asthma 2 Y1 - 2004/// PB - The Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd CY - London SN - 1-8531-5561-6 SP - 35 EP - 40 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations A1 - Shovlin CL A1 - Jackson JE ED - AJ Peacock and LJ Rubin T2 - Pulmonary circulation Y1 - 2004/// VL - 2 PB - Edward Arnold Publishers CY - London SN - 0340807822 SP - 584 EP - 599 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms A1 - Shovlin CL A1 - Jackson JE ED - Gibson J, Geddes D, Costabel U, Sterk and Corrin T2 - Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2004/// VL - 3rd PB - Harcourt Brace CY - London SP - 1773 EP - 1788 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - New drugs for COPD based on advances in pathology A1 - Hansel TT A1 - Tennant RC A1 - Erin EM A1 - Tan AJ A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of COPD. Progress in Inflammation Research Y1 - 2004/// PB - Birkhauser CY - Basel, Boston, Berlin N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Case study of BHOPAL incident A1 - Cullinan P ED - Tetsuo Satoh, Salmaan H. Inayat-Hussain T2 - Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Y1 - 2004/// PB - Eolss Publishers CY - Oxford, UK N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Heart, Renal and Liver Failure A1 - Gibbs LME A1 - Gibbs JSR ED - Sykes N, Edmonds P, Wiles J T2 - Management of Advanced Disease Y1 - 2004/// VL - 4th PB - Arnold CY - London SP - 359 EP - 388 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Lung function in COPD A1 - Gilchrist F A1 - Kon OM A1 - Polkey MI ED - Hansel TT & Barnes PJ T2 - Recent advances in the pathophysiology of COPD Y1 - 2004/// PB - Birkhauser Verlag CY - Basel, Switzerland SP - 31 EP - 46 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Optimizing PCR with the Aid of Experimental Design A1 - Weissensteiner, T ED - T. Weissensteiner, H. G. Griffin, A. M. Griffin T2 - PCR Technology: Current Innovations Y1 - 2003/11/13/ VL - 2 M2 - 1 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - Baton Rouge SN - 0849311845 SP - 1 EP - 416 N2 - - UR - http://www.crcpress.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=1184&isbn=0849311845&parent_id=&pc= L1 - http://www.biosciencenetbase.com/ejournals/books/book_summary/summary.asp?id=4747 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Communicating junctions, connexins and the cardiomyocyte: from cell biology to cardiology A1 - Severs NJ ED - Singal PK; Dixon IMC; Kirshenbaum LA; Dhalla NS T2 - Cardiac Remodeling and Failure Y1 - 2003/// PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Boston SN - 1-4020-7177-9 SP - 417 EP - 434 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Adult Congenital Heart Disease A1 - Philip J Kilner ED - Charles B iggins and Albert de Roos T2 - Cardiovascular MRI and MRA Y1 - 2003/// PB - Lippincott Williams and Wilkins CY - Philadelphia SN - 0 7817 3482 7 SP - 353 EP - 368 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Evidence Based Reccomendations for Primary Care A1 - Valiulis A A1 - Narkeviciute I A1 - Dumcius S A1 - Bush A A1 - Thomson A A1 - Usonis V A1 - Kaltenis P A1 - Vingras A A1 - Zilinskaite V ED - Valiulis A T2 - Lithuanian Paediatric Pneumonia Guidelines Y1 - 2003/// PB - Atkula CY - Vilnius N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rare Lung Disease A1 - Bush A ED - McIntosh N, Helms P, Smyth R T2 - Forfar and Arneil's Textbook of Paediatrics, 6th Edition Y1 - 2003/// SP - 801 EP - 804 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Patient Education and Delivery of Care A1 - Partridge MR ED - Chung F, Fabbri LM T2 - Asthma: A European Respiratory Monograph Y1 - 2003/// PB - European Respiratory Society SN - 1-9040-9726-X SP - 449 EP - 458 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Biochemistry and cellular physiology of heart muscle. A1 - Sugden PH A1 - Severs NJ A1 - MacLeod KT A1 - Poole-Wilson PA ED - Warrell DA, Cox TM, Firth JD with Benz EJ Jr T2 - Oxford Textbook of Medicine 4th edn Y1 - 2003/// PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford SN - 0-19-262922-0 SP - 809 EP - 820 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Malformations A1 - Bush A ED - Gibson GJ, Geddes DM, Costabel U, Sterk P, Corrin B T2 - Respiratory Medicene 3rd Edition Y1 - 2003/// PB - Saunders SP - 613 EP - 636 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Chest Pain A1 - Shah PL ED - GJ Gibson, D Geddes, U Costabel, PJ Sterk, B Corrin. T2 - Respiratory Medicine. 3rd Edition Y1 - 2003/// PB - WB Saunders CY - London, UK SP - 291 EP - 296 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Biochemistry and cellular physiology of heart muscle A1 - Sugden PH A1 - Severs NJ A1 - MacLeod KT A1 - Poole-Wilson PA ED - Warrell DA; Cox TM; Firth JD; Benz EJJ T2 - Oxford textbook of medicine Y1 - 2003/// PB - Oxford University Press SN - 0-19-262922-0 SP - 809 EP - 819 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Chap 15.1.3.1 Biochemistry and cellular physiology of heart muscle A1 - Sugden PH A1 - Severs NJ A1 - MacLeod KT A1 - Poole-Wilson PA ED - Warrell DA, Cox TM, Firth JD and Benz EJ Jr T2 - Oxford Textbook of Medicine 4th Ed Y1 - 2003/// PB - Oxford University Press SP - 809 EP - 820 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Physiological considerations: biochemistry and cellular physiology of heart muscle A1 - Sugden PH A1 - Severs NJ A1 - MacLeod KT A1 - Poole-Wilson PA ED - Warrell DA; Cox TM; Firth JD; Benz EJ Jr T2 - Oxford Textbook of Medicine Y1 - 2003/// M2 - Vol 2 Chapter 15.1.3.1 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford SP - 809 EP - 820 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rate of actomyosin ATP hydrolysis diminishes during isometric contraction. A1 - Curtin, N.A. A1 - West, T.G. A1 - Ferenczi, M.A. A1 - He, H-Z. A1 - Sun, Y-B. A1 - Irving, M. A1 - Woledge, R.C. ED - H. Sugi T2 - Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Contraction Y1 - 2003/// PB - Kluwer Academic Plenum Publishers, New York SN - 0-306-47870-6 SP - 613 EP - 625 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Increasing adherence to therapy through modifying the doctor/patient interaction A1 - Partridge MR ED - Partridge MR and Miles A T2 - The effective management of asthma. UK Key advances in clinical practice Series Y1 - 2003/// PB - Aesculapius Medical Press CY - London SN - 1-9030-4426-X SP - 89 EP - 100 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cell-cell adhesion. A1 - Braga, V. A1 - Betson, M.E. ED - M. Symons T2 - Rho GTPses Y1 - 2003/// PB - Landes Bioscience and Eurekah.com N2 - - UR - http://www.eurekah.com/chapter/1249 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Heart disease A1 - Addington-Hall JM A1 - Rogers AE A1 - McCoy ASM A1 - Gibbs JSR ED - Morrison RS, Meier D, Capello C T2 - Geriatric Palliative Care Y1 - 2003/// PB - Oxford University Press CY - New York SP - 110 EP - 122 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Autonomic functions or the extrapyramidal system A1 - Schachter M ED - JK Aronson T2 - Side effects of drugs annual Y1 - 2003/// PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam SN - 0-444-50999-2 SP - 156 EP - 167 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Treatment of the Common Cold: prospects and implications for the treatment of asthma exacerbations A1 - Creer DD A1 - Gelder CM A1 - Johnston SL ED - Papadopoulos NG, Johnston SL; T2 - Respiratory infections in allergy and asthma Y1 - 2003/// PB - Marcell Dekker CY - New York SP - 675 EP - 710 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary Gene Therapy A1 - Davies A1 - Geddes A1 - Alton ED - Rolland & Sullivan T2 - Pharmaceutical Gene Delivery Systems Y1 - 2003/// PB - Marcel Dekker Inc. CY - New York SN - 0-8247-4235-4 SP - 363 EP - 396 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Virally induced eosinophilic airway inflammation A1 - Olszewska, W. A1 - Openshaw, P.J.M. ED - Lambrecht, B.N, Hoogsteden, H.C. and Diamant, Z T2 - The immunological basis of asthma Y1 - 2003/// PB - Marcel Dekker, Inc. SP - 529 EP - 542 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Nuclaer imaging in coronary artery disease A1 - Rahman SL A1 - Underwood SR ED - Wheatley DJ T2 - Surgery of coronary artery disease, second edition Y1 - 2003/// PB - Arnold CY - London SP - 84 EP - 97 N2 - - UR - http://www.arnoldpublishers.com ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Asthma: communication and education A1 - Partridge MR ED - Gibson GJ, Geddes DM, Costabel U, Sterk PJ, Corrin B T2 - Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2003/// M2 - 3rd PB - Saunders SN - 0-7020-2613-1 SP - 1357 EP - 1367 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Viral Infections: Effects on nasal and lower airway functions A1 - Hussain I A1 - Johnston SL ED - Corren J; Togias A; Bousquet J T2 - Upper and Lower Respiratory Disease Y1 - 2003/// PB - Marcel Dekker, Inc CY - New York N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Role of gallium scanning in the management of chronic lung disease A1 - Hughes JMB ED - Peters AM T2 - Nuclear Medicine in Radiological Diagnosis Y1 - 2003/// PB - Martin Dunitz SP - 605 EP - 616 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cystic Fibrosis A1 - Geddes D A1 - Bush A ED - Warrel D, Cox TM, Firth JD, Benz EJ T2 - Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 4th Edition Y1 - 2003/// SP - 1428 EP - 1438 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - BNP: A blood test for the diagnosis of heart failure and monitoring of its treatment ? A1 - TA McDonagh ED - Pfeffer and McMurray T2 - Heart Failure Annual 2003 Y1 - 2003/// N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Childhood Asthma Syndromes A1 - Bush A A1 - Price JP ED - Gibson GJ, Geddes DM, Costabel U, Sterk P, Corrin B T2 - Respiratory Medicene 3rd Edition Y1 - 2003/// PB - Saunders SP - 1396 EP - 1420 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Double-inlet Ventricle A1 - Poirier NC A1 - Gatzoulis MA ED - Gatzoulis MA, Webb GD, Daubeney P T2 - Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Y1 - 2003/// PB - Churchilll Livingstone SP - 399 EP - 404 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Tetralogy of Fallot A1 - Gatzoulis MA ED - Gatzoulis MA, Webb GD, Daubeney P T2 - Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Y1 - 2003/// PB - Churchill Livingstone SP - 315 EP - 326 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Respiratory Muscles A1 - Polkey MI A1 - Moxham J ED - Calverly PMA, MacNee W, Pride NB & Rennard SI T2 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2nd Edition) Y1 - 2003/// PB - Arnold CY - London SP - 194 EP - 206 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Animal models of viral respiratory infections A1 - Boyton RJ A1 - Openshaw PJ ED - Johnston S L and Papadopoulos N G T2 - Respiratory infections in allergy and asthma Y1 - 2003/// PB - Marcel Dekker, Inc. CY - New York, USA SP - 279 EP - 298 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Macrolides as Biologic Response Modifiers in cystic Fibrosis and Bronchiectasis A1 - Bush A A1 - Rubin BK T2 - Sem Resp Crit Care Med Y1 - 2003/// SP - 737 EP - 747 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pregnancy and congenital heart disease A1 - Broberg C A1 - Yentis S A1 - Steer P A1 - Gatzoulis MA ED - Desmond G and Collins P T2 - Women and Heart Disease Y1 - 2003/// PB - Martin Dunitz Publishers N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cystic Fibrosis in Childhood A1 - A Bush A1 - J Davies ED - Gibson, Geddes, Costabel, Sterk, Corrin T2 - Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2003/// PB - Saunders SN - 0 7020 2613 1 SP - 1477 EP - 1494 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - 47.4 Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A1 - Stanescu DC A1 - Pride NB ED - Gibson GJ; Geddes D; Costabel U; Sterk PJ; Corrin B. T2 - Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2003/// M2 - 3rd Edition. Vol 2, part G Air PB - Saunders SN - 0-7020-2613-1 SP - 1154 EP - 1170 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Infektionen A1 - Schwarze J ED - Paul K T2 - Asthma bronchiale bei Kindern und Jugendlichen Y1 - 2003/// PB - Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH CY - Stuttgart, Germany SN - 3-8047-1910-4 SP - 52 EP - 57 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Congenital Lung Disease A1 - Bush A ED - McIntosh N, Helms P, Smyth R T2 - Forfar and Arneil's Textbook of Paediatrics, 6th Edition Y1 - 2003/// SP - 787 EP - 793 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Energy storage during stretch of active single fibres A1 - Woledge, R.C. A1 - Curtin, N.A. A1 - Linari, M. ED - H. Sugi T2 - Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Contraction Y1 - 2003/// PB - Kluwer Academic Plenum Publishers, New York SN - 0-306-47870-6 SP - 627 EP - 633 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Detection of Respiratory Viruses A1 - Taylor P A1 - Johnston SL ED - Gibson GJ; Geddes DM; Costabel U; Sterk PJ; Corrin B T2 - Respiratory Medicine Third Edition Y1 - 2003/// PB - Elsevier Science Limited CY - London SP - 385 EP - 390 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Treatment of Respiratory Viruses A1 - Mallia P A1 - Johnston SL ED - Weber J T2 - Horizons in Medicine - Updates in Major Clinical Advances Y1 - 2003/// PB - Royal College of Physicians CY - London UK SP - 145 EP - 152 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Therapeutic intervention to prevent coronary heart disease and stroke A1 - Sever P ED - Weber,Jonanthan T2 - Horizons in Medicine 15 Y1 - 2003/// PB - Royal College of Physicians of London CY - London SN - 1 86016 196 0 SP - 263 EP - 272 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cystic Fibrosis A1 - Bush A T2 - European Lung White Book Y1 - 2003/// PB - European Respiratory Society SP - 89 EP - 95 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Molecular mechanisms of respiratory virus-induced inflammation A1 - Papi A A1 - Caramori G A1 - Bellettato CM A1 - Adcock I A1 - Johnston SL ED - Papadopoulos NG; Johnston SL T2 - Respiratory infections in allergy and asthma Y1 - 2003/// PB - Marcell Dekker CY - New York SP - 199 EP - 228 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging A1 - Philp J Kilner ED - Michael A Gatzoulis, Gary D Webb and Piers EF Daubeney T2 - Diagnosis and management of adult congenital heart disease Y1 - 2003/// VL - 1st PB - hurchill Livingstone SN - 0 443 07103 9 SP - 49 EP - 56 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cystic Fibrosis A1 - Jaffe A A1 - Bush A T2 - Medicines for Children Y1 - 2003/// PB - RCPCH N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Public health and transport policy A1 - MacNeill S A1 - Cullinan P ED - Julian Hine, John Preston T2 - Integrated futures and transport choices. UK Transport Policy Beyond the 1998 White Paper and Transport Acts Y1 - 2003/// PB - Ashgate Publishing Ltd CY - Aldershot SP - 13 EP - 41 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Lung Mechanics A1 - Pride NB A1 - Milic-Emili J ED - Calverley PMA; MacNee W; Pride NB; Rennard SI. T2 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Y1 - 2003/// M2 - 2nd PB - Arnold SN - 0 340 80718 0 SP - 151 EP - 174 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mice for the analysis of autoimmune disease A1 - Altmann DM A1 - Ellmerich S A1 - Boyton RJ ED - Friedland J and Lightstone E T2 - Infection and Immunity Y1 - 2003/// PB - Harwood Academic Publishers CY - Reading, UK SP - 3 EP - 14 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cystic Fibrosis in Childhood A1 - Bush A A1 - Davies JC ED - Gibson GJ, Geddes DM, Costabel U, Sterk P, Corrin B T2 - Respiratory Medicene 3rd Edition Y1 - 2003/// PB - Saunders SP - 1477 EP - 1494 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Adults with congenital heart disease: A growing population A1 - Gatzoulis MA A1 - Webb DG ED - Gatzoulis MA, Webb GD, Daubeney P T2 - Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Y1 - 2003/// PB - Churchill Livingstone SP - 1 EP - 3 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Regulation of Eosinophil Trafficking in Asthma and Allergy A1 - Pease, J. E. A1 - Weller, C.L. A1 - Williams, T.J. ED - Murphy, P.M. and Horuk, R. T2 - Chemokine Roles in Immunoregulation and Disease. Y1 - 2003/// VL - Chapter 7 PB - Springer SN - 3-540-40221-7 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Myocardial ischaemia in congenital heart disease - the role of non-invasive imaging A1 - Tan JL A1 - Loong C A1 - Kilner P A1 - Li W A1 - Gatzoulis MA ED - Anagnostopoulos C, Bax JJ, Nihoyiannopoulos P, van der Wall E T2 - Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischaemia Y1 - 2003/// PB - Springer N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Valvular Insufficiency and Heart Failure A1 - Bouzas B A1 - Gatoulis MA ED - Chang and Towbin T2 - Heart Failure in Children and Young Adults Y1 - 2003/// PB - Elsevier N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Simple Heart Defects A1 - Pantely GA A1 - Gatzoulis MA ED - Nihoyannopoulos and Kisslo T2 - Clinical Echocardiography Y1 - 2003/// PB - Elsevier N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Animal models of allergen and virus-induced asthma A1 - Schwarze J A1 - Gelfand EW ED - Johnston SL; Papadopoulos NG T2 - Respiratory Infections in Allergy and Asthma Y1 - 2003/// PB - Marcel Dekker CY - New York SN - 0-8247-4126-9 SP - 329 EP - 363 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pathophysiology of sepsis: Role of nitric oxide A1 - Evans TW A1 - Finney SJ ED - Vincent JL, Carlet J, Opal S T2 - The Sepsis Text Y1 - 2002/02// PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers SN - 079237620X SP - 211 EP - 230 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Hormone replacement therapy and the postmenopausal cardiovascular system: metabolic basis and clinical implications A1 - Stevenson JC T2 - The effective management of the menopause Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-9030-4424-3 SP - 23 EP - 25 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Infections A1 - Message SD A1 - Johnston SL T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 407 EP - 420 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Methods for flow management A1 - Gatehouse P A1 - Firmin D T2 - Handbook of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging Y1 - 2002/// SN - 3-7985-1285-X SP - 25 EP - 30 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Biology of asthma A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Disease markers in exhaled breath: Basic mechanisms and clinical applications Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-5860-3273-9 SP - 133 EP - 142 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Should drugs affecting mucus properties be used in COPD? Clinical evidence A1 - Nightingale JA A1 - Rogers DF ED - T Similowski et al T2 - Clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0610-2 SP - 405 EP - 425 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pathogenesis of COPD A1 - Rennard SI A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 361 EP - 379 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cytokines in asthma and COPD A1 - Chung KF T2 - Asthma and COPD Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 261 EP - 271 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Heart disease A1 - Gibbs JSR Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1926-2960-3 SP - 30 EP - 43 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Platelets and Allergic Diseases. A1 - Pitchford SC A1 - Page CP ED - Gresele P, Fuster V, Page C, Vermylen J. T2 - Platelets in Thrombotic and Non Thrombotic Disorders. Y1 - 2002/// PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge SP - 852 EP - 868 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Coronary artery disease A1 - Gibbs JSR T2 - Aviation medicine and the airline passenger: medical assessment and in-flight medical support Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-3408-0637-0 SP - 99 EP - 106 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Molecular biology and cardiac development A1 - Barton PJR A1 - Moorman AFM ED - Anderson RH; Baker EJ; Shinebourne EA; Rigby ML; Tynan M. T2 - Paediatric Cardiology Y1 - 2002/// M2 - 2nd PB - Churchill Livingstone CY - London SN - 0-4430-7990-0 SP - 215 EP - 233 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary physiology A1 - Pride NB T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 43 EP - 56 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The growing lung: normal development, and the long-term effects of pre- and post-natal insults A1 - Rosenthal M A1 - Bush A ED - Bush A, Zach M, Carlsen K-H T2 - Growing up with lung disease: the lung in transition to adult life Y1 - 2002/// PB - European Respiratory Monograph SP - 1 EP - 24 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - What are the mechanisms of corticosteroids resistance in asthma? A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma: Critical debates Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-6320-5721-1 SP - 241 EP - 254 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Drugs affecting autonomic functions or the extrapyramidal system A1 - Schachter M ED - JK Aronson T2 - Side effects of drugs annual Y1 - 2002/// PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam SN - 0-444-50674-8 SP - 166 EP - 174 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Corticosteroids A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 547 EP - 564 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte trafficking in sepsis A1 - Finney SJ A1 - Evans TW A1 - Burke-Gaffney A ED - Vincent JL T2 - Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine Y1 - 2002/// PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin SP - 23 EP - 38 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The use of navigator echoes in cardiovascular magnetic resonance and factors affecting their implimentation A1 - Firmin DN A1 - Keegan J T2 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 186 EP - 195 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Hormone replacement therapy and carbohydrate metabolism A1 - Stevenson JC T2 - Hormone replacement therapy and the menopause Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-8531-7691-5 SP - 101 EP - 113 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Biology of asthma A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Disease markers in exhaled breath: Basic mechanisms and clinical applications Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-5860-3273-9 SP - 133 EP - 142 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary physiology A1 - Pride NB ED - PJ Barnes; JM Drazen; S Rennard; NC Thomson T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// PB - Academic Press CY - London SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 43 EP - 56 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Allergen-specific immunotherapy A1 - Kay AB A1 - Larche M T2 - Biotherapeutic approaches to asthma Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0785-0 SP - 305 EP - 326 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Assessment of cardiac function A1 - Bellenger NG A1 - Pennell DJ T2 - Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 99 EP - 111 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The use of navigator echoes in cardiovascular magnetic resonance and factors affecting their implimentation A1 - Firmin DN A1 - Keegan J T2 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 186 EP - 195 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Smoking and the Lung. A1 - Tetley TD ED - Caan W, De Belleroche J. T2 - Drink, Drugs and Dependency. From science to clinical practice. Y1 - 2002/// PB - Gordon & Breach CY - New York; London SN - 0415-27891-0 SP - 93 EP - 106 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Androgens and arterial disease A1 - Webb CM A1 - Collins P ED - Lunenfeld B Gooren L T2 - Textbook of men's health Y1 - 2002/// PB - Parthenon Publishing CY - London SN - 1-84214-011-6 SP - 360 EP - 364 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - New approaches in the treatment of hypertension A1 - Schachter M ED - N Kaplan, M Schachter T2 - New frontiers in hypertension Y1 - 2002/// PB - Lippincott Williams and Wilkins CY - London SN - 0-781-74155-6 SP - 101 EP - 113 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Imaging A1 - Desai SR A1 - Hansell DM T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 465 EP - 480 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Future therapies for asthma A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Biotherapeutic approaches to asthma Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0785-0 SP - 352 EP - 382 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Regulation and organization of human troponin genes A1 - Barton PJR A1 - Dellow KA A1 - Bhavsar PK A1 - Cullen ME A1 - Mullen AJ A1 - Brand NJ T2 - Myofibrillogenesis Y1 - 2002/// PB - Birkhauser CY - Boston SN - 0-8176-4226-9 SP - 129 EP - 141 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - New treatments for COPD A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0610-2 SP - 943 EP - 963 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Blood flow velocity assessment A1 - Firmin DN T2 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 53 EP - 62 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mediator antagonists A1 - Chung KF A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanical and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 565 EP - 571 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cystic fibrosis in lung transplantation A1 - Hodson ME ED - Banner NR; Polak J; Yacoub M Y1 - 2002/// PB - Cambridge University Press N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - What are the mechanisms of corticosteroids resistance in asthma? A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma: Critical debates Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-6320-5721-1 SP - 241 EP - 254 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Impact of sleep on ventilation A1 - Morrell MJ A1 - Dempsey JA T2 - Breathing disorders in sleep Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-7020-2510-0 SP - 3 EP - 17 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Gentherapie in utero A1 - Schneider H A1 - Coutelle C T2 - Molekulare medizin in der Frauenheilkunde Y1 - 2002/// SN - 3-7985-1301-5 SP - 155 EP - 163 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Neural and humoral control A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 323 EP - 340 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cystic Fibrosis in Adolescence A1 - Bush A A1 - Geddes DM ED - Bush A, Zach M, Carlsen K-H T2 - Growing up with lung disease: the lung in transition to adult life Y1 - 2002/// PB - European Respiratory Monograph SP - 225 EP - 253 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Regulation of leukocyte traffic to the lung A1 - Lloyd CM A1 - Gutierrez-Ramos JC ED - Lambrecht B, Hoogsteden HC & Diamant Z T2 - Immunologic Basis of Asthma Y1 - 2002/// PB - Humana Press SP - 406 EP - 438 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pathophysiology of sepsis: the role of nitric oxide A1 - Finney SJ A1 - Evans TW T2 - The sepsis text Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-7923-7620-X SP - 211 EP - 230 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Drugs affecting autonomic functions of the extrapyramidal system A1 - Schachter M T2 - Side effects of drugs annual 25 Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4445-0674-8 SP - 166 EP - 174 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Respiratory A1 - Davies J ED - Beattie & Champion T2 - Essential Revision Notes in Paediatrics for the MRCPCH Y1 - 2002/// PB - PasTest SN - 1 901198 64 2 SP - 663 EP - 703 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Vascular biology of hypertension A1 - Schachter M ED - BJ, Hunt, L Poston, M Schachter, AW Halliday T2 - An Introduction to vascular biology Y1 - 2002/// PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge SN - 0-521-79652-0 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Allergen-specific immunotherapy A1 - Kay AB A1 - Larche M T2 - Biotherapeutic approaches to asthma Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0785-0 SP - 305 EP - 326 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Immunopathogenesis of viral infections in children A1 - Openshaw PJM A1 - Matthews S A1 - Pala P A1 - Hussell T A1 - Walzi G T2 - Textbook of respiratory cell and molecular biology Y1 - 2002/// SN - 9-0582-3178-X SP - 283 EP - 298 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in sepsis A1 - Finney SJ A1 - Wort SJ A1 - Evans TW ED - Fink M, Evans T T2 - Mechanisms of organ dysfunction in critical illness Y1 - 2002/01// PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin SP - 205 EP - 221 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Triggers of Asthma and COPD - Infections A1 - Message SD A1 - Johnston SL ED - Barnes PJ; Drazen JM; Rennard S; Thomson NC T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// PB - Academic Press CY - London SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 407 EP - 420 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Assessment of the biophysical mechanical properties of the arterial wall A1 - Mohiaddin RH T2 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 272 EP - 279 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Gap junctions and connexin expression in human heart disease A1 - Severs NJ ED - De Mello WC; Janse M T2 - Heart cell coupling and impulse propagation in health and disease Y1 - 2002/// PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Boston SN - 1-4020-7182-5 SP - 321 EP - 334 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Stress CMR - wall motion A1 - Pennell DJ T2 - Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 113 EP - 133 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Valvular heart disease A1 - Mohiaddin RH A1 - Kilner PJ T2 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 387 EP - 404 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Asthma in infants and children A1 - Bush A T2 - Clinicians' Guide to Asthma Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-3407-6287-X SP - 115 EP - 133 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Theophylline A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 535 EP - 545 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Respiratory Muscles, pulmonary mechanics and ventilatory control A1 - Nickol AH A1 - Polkey MI ED - Treachers DF & Davidson AC T2 - Respiratory Critical Care Y1 - 2002/// PB - Arnold CY - London N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Chemokines A1 - Pease, J. E. A1 - Williams, T.J. ED - Barnes, P.J. et al T2 - Asthma and COPD Y1 - 2002/// VL - First PB - Academic Press SN - 0-12-079028-9 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Androgens and arterial disease A1 - Webb CM A1 - Collins P T2 - Textbooks of men's health Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-8421-4011-6 SP - 360 EP - 364 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - NCX overexpression in cardiac myocytes A1 - Terracciano CMN ED - J. Lytton; P. Schnetkamp, L. Hryshko, M. Blaunstein T2 - Cellular and molecular physiology of Sodium - Calcium exchange Y1 - 2002/// PB - New York Academy of Science CY - New York SP - 520 EP - 527 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Imaging A1 - Desai SR A1 - Hansell DM T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 465 EP - 480 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Should asthma be managed by the patient or doctor; is education important? A1 - Partridge MR ED - Holgate ST and Johnston L T2 - Asthma: critical debates Y1 - 2002/// PB - Blackwell Science CY - London SN - 0-6320-5721-1 SP - 355 EP - 365 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - CHM (Choroideremia) Gene A1 - van den Hurk, J.A.J.M. A1 - Cremers, F.P.M. A1 - Seabra, M.C. T2 - Wiley Encylopedia of Molecular Medicine Y1 - 2002/// PB - John Wiley & Sons Inc. SP - 750 EP - 752 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Coronary artery and sinus velocity and flow A1 - Keegan J A1 - Pennell DJ T2 - Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 233 EP - 249 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Future therapies A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 641 EP - 656 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Other mediators of airway disease A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 291 EP - 305 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Education and self management A1 - Partridge MR ED - Barnes PJ,Drazen J, Rennard S and Thomson N T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// PB - Academic Press CY - London SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 737 EP - 742 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Scientific evidence and expert opinion for the selection and use of long-acting ß2 agonists: central considerations of safety and effectiveness A1 - Hansel TT A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - The Effective Management of Asthma Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-9030-4426-X SP - 61 EP - 73 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pulmonary vascular diseases A1 - Bush A ED - Anderson RH, Baker EJ, Macartney F, Rigby ML, Shinebourne EA, Tynan M T2 - Paediatric Cardiology 2nd Edition Y1 - 2002/// PB - Churchill Livingstone SN - 0-4430-7990-0 SP - 567 EP - 592 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Blood flow velocity assessment A1 - Firmin DN T2 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4430-7519-0 SP - 53 EP - 62 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Practical application of secondary prevention for exertional angina A1 - Wood DA T2 - Effective secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-9030-4422-7 SP - 81 EP - 93 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - NF-B function in inflammation, cellular stress and disease A1 - Chapman NR A1 - Rocha S A1 - Adcock IM A1 - Perkins ND T2 - Sensing, signaling and cell adaptation Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-4445-1147-4 SP - 61 EP - 73 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Asthma A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Pulmonary biology in health and disease Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-3879-5215-2 SP - 364 EP - 380 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Autonomic control of the airways A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - Handbook of the autonomic nervous system in health and disease Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-8247-0842-3 SP - 439 EP - 462 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - A lifecourse approach to Diabetes A1 - Colhoun HM A1 - Chaturvedi N T2 - A lifecourse approach to women's health Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1926-3289-2 SP - 121 EP - 133 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Education and self management A1 - Partridge MR T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanisms and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 737 EP - 742 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pathophysiology of asthma A1 - Barnes PJ A1 - Drazen JM T2 - Asthma and COPD: basic mechanical and clinical management Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-1207-9028-9 SP - 343 EP - 359 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Vascular Tone A1 - Hughes AD ED - Hunt BJ, Poston L, Schachter M, Halliday AW. T2 - An Introduction to Vascular Biology: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice Y1 - 2002/// PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 0-521-79652-0 SP - 3 EP - 32 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pathophysiology of acute lung injury A1 - Wort SJ A1 - Evans TW T2 - Respiratory critical care Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-3407-6289-6 SP - 138 EP - 152 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Genetics and pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis A1 - Griesenbach U A1 - Geddes DM A1 - Alton EW T2 - Textbook of respiratory cell and molecular biology Y1 - 2002/// SN - 9-0582 3178-X SP - 403 EP - 418 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Scientific evidence and expert opinion for the selection and use of long-acting ß2 agonists: central considerations of safety and effectiveness A1 - Hansel TT A1 - Barnes PJ T2 - The Effective Management of Asthma Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-9030-4426-X SP - 61 EP - 73 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Molecular mechanisms of steroid actions A1 - Adcock IM A1 - Ito K T2 - Disease markers in exhaled breath: basic mechanisms and clinical applications Y1 - 2002/// SN - 1-5860-3273-9 SP - 151 EP - 158 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Imaging A1 - Copley S A1 - Hansell DM T2 - Occupational disorders of the lung: recognition, management and prevention Y1 - 2002/// SN - 0-7020-2507-0 SP - 483 EP - 501 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Answers to questions 63,64,66,67,68,69,70, 71,72 A1 - Hardman S A1 - Cowie MR Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-7279-1489-8 SP - 133 EP - 152 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mucus regulation A1 - Rogers DF ED - TT Hansel PJ Barnes T2 - New Drugs for Asthma, Allergy and COPD Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 160 EP - 164 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Airway Epithelial Cells (Primaries vs Cell lines) A1 - Donnelly LE Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 10 SN - 0-89603-923-4 SP - 127 EP - 136 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Specific and non-specific immunotherapy for asthma and allergic diseases A1 - Larche M A1 - Kay AB Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 2nd (26) SN - 0-6320-4359-8 SP - 352 EP - 370 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Use of exhaled nitric oxide as readout for inhaled corticosteroids efficacy A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-89603-923-4 SP - 441 EP - 463 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mortality in heart failure; selected aspects of pathophysiology and the implications of recent trials A1 - Poole-Wilson PA Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-6202-7326-7 SP - 69 EP - 86 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Eosinophils A1 - Robinson DS A1 - Wardlaw AJ A1 - Kay AB Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 3 SN - 0-8247-0540-8 SP - 43 EP - 75 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Gene regulation of muscarinic receptor subtypes A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-7643-5988-9 SP - 159 EP - 174 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Evidence for upper respiratory tract viruses as precipitants for asthma exacerbations A1 - Corne JM A1 - Johnston SL A1 - Beasley R ED - Skoner T2 - Asthma and Respiratory Infections Y1 - 2001/// PB - Marcel Dekker, Inc CY - New York SP - 45 EP - 62 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Respiratory disease A1 - Bush A ED - Stroobant J, Field D T2 - Handbook of Paediatric Investigations Y1 - 2001/// PB - Churchill Livingstone SP - 260 EP - 309 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mucus regulation A1 - Rogers DF A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 160 EP - 164 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Risk stratification for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot A1 - Gatzoulis MA A1 - Balaji S A1 - Webber SA A1 - Siu SC A1 - Hokanson JS A1 - Shinohara T A1 - Nakazawa M A1 - Moller JH A1 - Gillette PC A1 - Webb GD A1 - Redington AN ED - Gatzoulis MA, Murphy DR Jr. T2 - The adult with tetralogy of Fallot Y1 - 2001/// PB - FUTURA SP - 8 EP - 22 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Wege zur pr?natalen Gentherapie A1 - Schneider H A1 - Coutelle C Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8609-4156-9 SP - 102 EP - 118 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rates of asthma exacerbations during viral respiratory infection A1 - Corne JM A1 - Johnston SL A1 - Beasley R Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-8247-7710-7 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Caldesmon A1 - El Mezgueldi M A1 - Marston SB Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-4713-7494-6 SP - 428 EP - 430 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - What is the role of echocardiography in acute coronary syndromes? A1 - Nihoyannopoulos P ED - de Bono D and Sobel BE T2 - Acute Coronary Syndromes Y1 - 2001/// PB - Blackwell Science Ltd SP - 188 EP - 200 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - A realistic and efficient model of excitation propagation in the human atria A1 - Zemlin CW A1 - Herzel H A1 - Ho SY A1 - Panfilov A Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-8799-3492-1 SP - 29 EP - 34 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Chronic cough and/or wheezing in infants and children less than 5 years old: diagnostic approaches A1 - Bush A ED - Naspitz CK, Szefler SJ, Tinkelman DG, Warner JO T2 - Textbook of Paediatric Asthma Y1 - 2001/// PB - Martin Dunitz SN - 1-8531-7789-X SP - 99 EP - 120 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Caldesmon A1 - El Mezgueldi M A1 - Marston SB Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-4713-7494-6 SP - 428 EP - 430 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Altitude and expedition medicine A1 - Murdoch DR A1 - Pollard AJ A1 - Gibbs JS Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-4714-9079-2 SP - 247 EP - 260 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The pathogenesis and treatment of asthma as an inflammatory disease A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-3064-6438-1 SP - 221 EP - 236 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Dissociated steroids A1 - Brown TJ A1 - Belvisi MG A1 - Foster ML Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 98 EP - 101 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Morphologic aspects A1 - Ho SY Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-3407-6207-1 SP - 3 EP - 36 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - La union auriculo-ventricular en la malformacion de Ebstein de la valvula tricuspide: relevancia durante la ablacion con cateter y radiofrecuencia. A1 - Cabrera JA A1 - Farre J A1 - Sanchez-Quintana D A1 - Rubio JM A1 - Ho SY A1 - Velasco D A1 - Cabestrero F A1 - Berreuzo A A1 - Anderson RH ED - : Merino JL T2 - Problems y Desafios en Arritmias y electrophisiologia Cardiaca. Y1 - 2001/// PB - St Jude CY - Madrid SP - 201 EP - 218 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis and management of angina A1 - Bellenger NG A1 - Pennell DJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-7234-3255-4 SP - 22 EP - 26 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cardiovascular disease A1 - Poole-Wilson PA Y1 - 2001/// SN - 1-8990-4091-9 SP - 22 EP - 31 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cadherin adhesion regulation in keratinocytes A1 - Braga V Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-1996-3864-0 SP - 1 EP - 36 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Monitoring lung function A1 - Pride NB Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 30 EP - 34 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs), and aldosterone antagonism A1 - Opie LH A1 - Yusuf S A1 - Poole-Wilson PA A1 - Pfeffer M Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 5th SN - 0-7216-8757-1 SP - 107 EP - 153 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Monitoring lung function A1 - Pride NB ED - Hansel TT and Barnes PJ T2 - New Drugs for Asthma, Allergy and COPD Y1 - 2001/// PB - Karger CY - Basel SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 30 EP - 34 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Eosinophils A1 - Robinson DS A1 - Wardlaw AJ A1 - Kay AB Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 3 SN - 0-8247-0540-8 SP - 43 EP - 75 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Diuretics A1 - Opie LH A1 - Kaplan NM A1 - Poole-Wilson PA Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 5th SN - 0-7216-8757-1 SP - 84 EP - 106 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Nuclear cardiology A1 - Underwood SR A1 - Anagnostopoulos C Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 4th SN - 0-4430-6432-6 SP - 721 EP - 740 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - In vivo models of airway goblet cell hyperplasia and mucin gene expression A1 - Smith AK A1 - Rogers DF ED - M Salathe T2 - Cilia and Mucus: From Development to Respiratory Defence Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-8247-0441-X SP - 239 EP - 251 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Propellants A1 - Partridge MR A1 - Woodcock ED - Bisgaard H, O'Callaghan C and Smaldone GC T2 - Lung Biology in Health and Disease Series No 162 Y1 - 2001/// PB - Marcel Dekker CY - New York SN - 0-8247-0541-6 SP - 371 EP - 388 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Inflammatory mediators and neural mechanisms in severe asthma A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 2nd SN - 0-8247-0552-1 SP - 67 EP - 87 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Bone metabolism A1 - Colston KW A1 - Stevenson JC Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 2nd SN - 0-3337-2306-6 SP - 529 EP - 540 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Fetal somatic gene therapy - a preventive approach to the treatment of genetic disease: the case for A1 - Coutelle C A1 - Themis M A1 - Schneider H A1 - Cook HT Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-5406-7701-1 SP - 99 EP - 114 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Eosinophils and their disorders A1 - Wardlaw AJ A1 - Kay AB Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 6th (68) SN - 0-0707-0397-3 SP - 785 EP - 799 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Structure, function, and biology of joint proteoglycans A1 - Couchman JR Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-7817-2240-3 SP - 209 EP - 225 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Use of exhaled nitric oxide as readout for inhaled corticosteroids efficacy A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-89603-923-4 SP - 441 EP - 463 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - La union auriculo-ventricular en la malformacion de Ebstein de la valvula tricuspide: relevancia durante la ablacion con cateter y radiofrecuencia A1 - Cabrera JA A1 - Farre J A1 - Sanchez-Quintana D A1 - Rubio JM A1 - Ho SY A1 - Velasco D A1 - Cabestrero F A1 - Berreuzo A A1 - Anderson RH Y1 - 2001/// SP - 201 EP - 218 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - A realistic model of excitation propagation in the human atria. A1 - Zemlin ChW A1 - Herzel H A1 - Ho SY A1 - Panfilov A ED - Virag N, Blanc O, Kappenberger L T2 - Computer simulation and experimental assessment of cardiac electrophysiology. Y1 - 2001/// PB - Futura Publishing Co Inc CY - Armonk, NY SN - 0-8799-3492-1 SP - 29 EP - 34 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide and carbon monoxide A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 44 EP - 47 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cardiac Tumors A1 - Gatzoulis MA A1 - Becker AE ED - Anderson RH et al T2 - Paediatric Cardiology Y1 - 2001/// PB - Churchill Livingstone SP - 1671 EP - 1678 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Isolation and Culture of Human Alveolar Type II Pneumocytes A1 - Witherden IR A1 - Tetley TD ED - Rogers DF, Donnelly LE. T2 - Human Airway Inflammation: Sampling Techniques and Analytical Protocols Y1 - 2001/// PB - Humana Press CY - New Jersey SN - 0-89603-923-4 SP - 137 EP - 146 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Dissociated steroids A1 - Brown TJ A1 - Belvisi MG A1 - Foster ML Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 98 EP - 101 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis and management of angina A1 - Bellenger NG A1 - Pennell DJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-7234-3255-4 SP - 22 EP - 26 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Measurement of exhaled hydrocarbons A1 - Kharitonov SA Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-89603-923-4 SP - 99 EP - 108 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cystic fibrosis: cause, course and treatment A1 - Bush A ED - Bluebond-Langner M, Lask B, Angst DB T2 - Pschological Aspects of Cystic Fibrosis Y1 - 2001/// PB - Arnold SN - 0-3407-5891-0 SP - 1 EP - 25 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Analysing MHC class II processing and presentation: from processed avidin to H2-0 modulation and T cell receptor signals A1 - Altmann D M A1 - Perraudeau M A1 - Douek D C A1 - Boyton R J ED - Steinman L T2 - Autoimmunity and Emerging Diseases Y1 - 2001/// PB - CSED SP - 1 EP - 11 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Measurement of granulocyte pharmacodynamics in whole blood by flow cytometry A1 - Bryan SA A1 - Leckie MJ A1 - Jenkins G A1 - Barnes PJ A1 - Williams TJ A1 - Sabroe I A1 - Hansel TT Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-8960-3923-4 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Monitoring lung function A1 - Pride NB Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 30 EP - 34 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - What are hibernating and stunned myocardium? What echocardiographic techniques are useful for detecting them? How do these methods compare with others available? A1 - Nihoyannopoulos P ED - Holdright D, Montomery H T2 - 100 Questions in cardiology Y1 - 2001/// PB - BMJ Books SP - 33 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Measurement of airway mucin gene expression A1 - Pritchard K A1 - Smith AK A1 - Rogers DF ED - DF Rogers LE Donnelly T2 - Human Airway Inflammation: Sampling Techniques and Analytical Protocols Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-89603-923-4 SP - 285 EP - 294 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Pathophysiology of heart failiure A1 - Purcell IF A1 - Poole-Wilson PA Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-7216-8144-1 SP - 345 EP - 364 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Specific and non-specific immunotherapy for asthma and allergic diseases A1 - Larche M A1 - Kay AB Y1 - 2001/// M2 - 2nd (26) SN - 0-6320-4359-8 SP - 352 EP - 370 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Advances in the diagnosis of respiratory virus infectons A1 - Chauhan AJ A1 - Johnston SL ED - Skoner DP T2 - Asthma and Respiratory Infections Y1 - 2001/// PB - Marcek Dekker SN - 0-8247-7710-7 SP - 221 EP - 243 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The syndrome of cardiac cachexia. In: The role of inflammatory mediators in the failing heart A1 - Anker SD A1 - Sharma R Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-7923-7381-2 SP - 93 EP - 103 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Dissociated steroids A1 - Brown TJ A1 - Belvisi MG A1 - Foster ML Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 98 EP - 101 N2 - - UR - NULL ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Muscarinic control of airway mucus secretion A1 - Rogers DF ED - J Zaagsma et al T2 - Muscarinic Receptors in Airway Diseases Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-7643-5988-9 SP - 175 EP - 201 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide and carbon monoxide A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 44 EP - 47 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Physiology A1 - Collier JD A1 - Crown A A1 - Firth JD A1 - Glennon PE A1 - Gurnell M A1 - Roberts PR A1 - Head CEG A1 - Hebden JM A1 - Polkey MI A1 - Shearman J A1 - Qureshi MZ A1 - Walker HA A1 - Ward N ED - Editor-in-Chief Firth JD T2 - Scientific Background to Medicine 1, in Medical Masterclass series Y1 - 2001/// PB - Royal College of Physicians and Blackwell Science CY - London SP - 137 EP - 181 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Giving the diagnosis A1 - Bush A ED - Bluebond-Langner M, Lask B, Angst DB T2 - Pschological Aspects of Cystic Fibrosis Y1 - 2001/// PB - Arnold SN - 0-3407-5891-0 SP - 97 EP - 109 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Progress in the treatment of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis. A1 - Shah PL ED - AM Doherty T2 - Annual reports in medicinal chemistry. Y1 - 2001/// PB - Academic Press CY - France SP - 67 EP - 78 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Regulation and organization of human troponin genes A1 - Barton PJR A1 - Dellow KA A1 - Bhavsar PK A1 - Cullen ME A1 - Mullen AJ A1 - Brand NJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-8176-4226-9 SP - 129 EP - 141 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Measurement of granulocyte pharmacodynamics in whole blood by flow cytometry A1 - Bryan SA A1 - Leckie MJ A1 - Jenkins G A1 - Barnes PJ A1 - Williams TJ A1 - Sabroe I A1 - Hansel TT Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-8960-3923-4 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The growth hormone axis in cachectic patients with chronic heart failure: evidence for aquired growth hormone resistance A1 - Anker SD A1 - Pflaum CD A1 - Cicoira M A1 - Strasburger CJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-7923-7212-3 SP - 67 EP - 79 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The technique of in situ hybridization A1 - Ying S A1 - Kay AB Y1 - 2001/// SN - 0-89603-923-4 SP - 263 EP - 283 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine A1 - Polkey MI A1 - Roberts PR ED - Editor-in Chief Firth JD Y1 - 2001/// PB - Royal College of Physicians of London and Blackwell Science CY - London N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide and carbon monoxide A1 - Kharitonov SA A1 - Barnes PJ Y1 - 2001/// SN - 3-8055-6862-2 SP - 44 EP - 47 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Chemokines and Eosinophils A1 - Hartnell, A. A1 - Pease, J. E. A1 - Conroy, D.M., A1 - Williams, T.J. ED - Holgate S & Busse W. T2 - Asthma & Rhinitis Y1 - 2000/// VL - Second Edition SN - 0-632-04175-7 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Biochemistry of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase A1 - Seabra, M.C. ED - Tamanoi, F. and Sigman, D. T2 - The Enzymes Y1 - 2000/// M2 - XXI PB - Academic Press CY - New York SP - 131 EP - 154 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Neutrophil- and macrophage-derived proteases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A1 - Tetley TD ED - Bellingan G, Laurent GJ T2 - Acute Lung Injury: From Inflammation to Repair Y1 - 2000/// PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam SN - 90-5199-503-2 SP - 129 EP - 142 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus induced asthma A1 - Johnston SL ED - Rimmer JS; Katarelis CH T2 - Proceedings XVII International Congress of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Y1 - 2000/// PB - Hogrefe & Huber Pubs CY - Seattle SP - 101 EP - 102 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Contrast Echocardiography A1 - Nihoyannopoulos P ED - Dawson P, Cosgrove D, Grainger RG T2 - Textbook of Contrast Media Y1 - 2000/// PB - ISIS Medical Media SP - 543 EP - 548 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Changes in coronary arteries with estrogen therapy A1 - Webb CM A1 - Hayward CS A1 - Collins P ED - Studd J T2 - The Management of the Menopause Y1 - 2000/// PB - Parthenon Publishing CY - Carnforth, UK SN - 1-85070-079-6 SP - 153 EP - 164 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Aortic Diseases A1 - Mohiaddin RH, A1 - Kilner PJ, A1 - Pennell DJ. ED - Pohost GM, O’Rourke RA, Shah PM, Berman DS. T2 - Imaging in cardiovascular disease Y1 - 2000/// PB - Lippincott Williams and Wilkins CY - Philadeplphia SP - 821 EP - 842 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Common colds and respiratory viruses A1 - Bates A1 - Johnston SL ED - Busse WW; Katarelis CH T2 - Asthma and rhinitis Y1 - 2000/// PB - Blackwell Science CY - London SP - 1481 EP - 1492 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Respiratory aspects of neurological disease A1 - Polkey MI A1 - Lyall RA A1 - Moxham J A1 - Leigh PN ED - Hughes RAC & Perkin GD T2 - Neurology and medicine Y1 - 1999/// PB - BMJ Books CY - London N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The acute exacerbation of asthma:pathogenesis A1 - Papadopoulos NG A1 - Johnston SL ED - Holgate ST: Boushey HA; Fabbri LM T2 - Difficult asthma Y1 - 1999/// PB - Martin Dunitz CY - London SP - 183 EP - 204 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management of cardiac syndrome X A1 - Nihoyannopoulos P ED - Kaski JC T2 - Chest pain with normal coronary angiograms. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management Y1 - 1999/// PB - Kluer SP - 171 EP - 180 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: the fracture-label technique. A1 - Severs, N.J. ED - Rickwood, D. and Harris, J.R. T2 - Multimedia Methods in Cell Biology. Y1 - 1999/// PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children A1 - Biscione GL A1 - Johnston SL ED - Allegra L; Blasi F T2 - Chlamydia pneumoniae the lung and heart Y1 - 1999/// PB - Springer-Verlag Italia CY - Milano SP - 197 EP - 203 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Triggers of asthma: viruses A1 - Busse WW A1 - Johnston SL ED - Djukanovic R; Holgate ST T2 - An atlas of asthma Y1 - 1999/// PB - Parthenon Publishing Group CY - London SP - 63 EP - 68 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rhinoviruses A1 - Papadopoulos NG A1 - Johnston SL ED - Zuckerman; Banatvala; Pattison T2 - Principles and Practice of Clinical Virology Fourth Edition Y1 - 1999/// PB - John Wiley & Son CY - UK SP - 329 EP - 343 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Freeze-fracture replication using simple inexpensive equipment, the Bullivant method. A1 - Severs, N.J. ED - Rickwood, D. and Harris, J.R T2 - Multimedia Methods in Cell Biology Y1 - 1999/// PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Freeze-fracture and freeze-etching using a purpose-built machine, the Balzers (Bal-Tec) BAF 400 T system. A1 - Severs, N.J ED - Rickwood, D. and Harris, J.R T2 - Multimedia Methods in Cell Biology Y1 - 1999/// PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Monograph on Dornase alfa. A1 - Shah PL A1 - Geddes DM ED - CT Dollery T2 - Therapeutic Drugs, 2nd Edition Y1 - 1999/// PB - Churchill Livingstone CY - Edinburgh, UK N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Measurement of Left Ventricular Function A1 - TA McDonagh ED - G Baxter and P Allan T2 - Clinical Ultrasound Y1 - 1999/// PB - Butterworth N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Gap junctions and coronary heart disease. A1 - Severs, N.J. ED - De Mello, W.C. and Janse, M.J T2 - Heart Cell Communication in Health and Disease. Y1 - 1998/// PB - Kluwer CY - Boston SN - 0-7923-8052-5 SP - 175 EP - 194 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - T cell antigen receptor signalling events associated with differential cytokine responses in autoimmunity A1 - Boyton R J A1 - Altmann D M T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Immunology (New Delhi, India, 1-7 November 1998) Y1 - 1998/// PB - Monduzzi Editore - International Proceedings Division N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Imaging of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease A1 - Philip J Kilner ED - Lima J T2 - Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Cardiology Y1 - 1998/// PB - Martin Dunitz CY - London UK SP - 211 EP - 233 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rapid freezing of biological specimens for freeze fracture and deep etching. A1 - Severs, N.J A1 - Shotton, D.M ED - Celis, J.E T2 - Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook Y1 - 1998/// VL - 2nd M2 - 3 PB - Academic Press CY - San Diego SN - 0-12-164714-5 SP - 299 EP - 309 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Simultaneous localization of connexins 40, 37 and 43 in pulmonary artery endothelial gap junctions. A1 - Ko, Y.-S A1 - Yeh, H.-I. A1 - Rothery, S. A1 - Dupont, E. A1 - Severs, N.J. ED - Werner, R. T2 - Gap Junctions. Proceedings of the 8th International Gap junction Conference, Key Largo, Florida. Y1 - 1998/// PB - IOS publishers CY - Florida SP - 183 EP - 187 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Ryanodine receptor ion conduction and selectivity A1 - A.J. Williams ED - R. Sitsapesan and A.J. Williams T2 - The structure and function of ryanodine receptors Y1 - 1998/// PB - Imperial College Press CY - London SN - 1-86094-145-1 SP - 75 EP - 94 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Isolation and culture of adult cardiac myocytes. A1 - Powell, T A1 - Noma, A. A1 - Severs, N.J. ED - Celis, J.E T2 - Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook. Y1 - 1998/// VL - 2nd M2 - 1 PB - Academic Press CY - London SP - 125 EP - 132 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Cardiovascular manifestation in pregnancy and the approach to diagnosis of cardiac disorder A1 - Nihoyannopoulos P ED - Oakley CM T2 - Heart disease in pregnancy Y1 - 1997/// PB - BMJ publishers SP - 52 EP - 62 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Functional microanatomy of the cardiac muscle cell and its gap junctions. A1 - Severs, N.J. ED - Motta, P.M T2 - Recent Advances in Microscopy of Cells, Tissues and Organs. Y1 - 1997/// PB - La Sapienza CY - Rome SN - 88-7287-130-1 SP - 281 EP - 290 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Drugs acting on airway clearance in cystic fibrosis. A1 - Shah PL A1 - Hodson ME ED - G Pons, G Lenoir et J. Navarro. T2 - In Les medicaments de la mucoviscidose chez l’enfant, series title Recherche Clinique & Decision Therapeutique Y1 - 1997/// PB - Springer Verlag CY - Paris, France SP - 81 EP - 93 N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Exercise Testing in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Heart Failure A1 - T A McDonagh A1 - H J Dargie ED - PA Pool-Wilson, W Colucci, K Chaterjee, B Massie, A Coats T2 - In Heart Failure: Scientific Principles and Clinical Practice Y1 - 1997/// VL - Churchill Livingstone N2 - - ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Allergy A1 - Frew AJ A1 - Bradding P A1 - Johnston SL A1 - Lackie P A1 - Semper A A1 - Shute A A1 - Walls AF A1 - Holgate ST ED - Tomlinson, Heagerty, Weetman T2 - Mechanisms of Disease Y1 - 1997/// PB - Cambridge University Press CY - UK SP - 129 EP - 159 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Modification of biological scaffolds with specific extracellular matrix proteins enhances collagen synthesis by mesenchymal stem cells A1 - Dreger, SA A1 - Chester, AH A1 - Bowles, CT A1 - Yacoub, MH A1 - Taylor, PM U1 - Conference of the Tissue-Engineering-and-Regenerative-Medicine-International-Society (TERMIS-EU) Y1 - 2007/07// Y2 - // VL - 13 SP - 1729 EP - 1729 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by mesenchymal stem cells in response to stretch A1 - New, SEP A1 - Chester, AH A1 - Yacoub, MH A1 - Taylor, PM U1 - Conference of the Tissue-Engineering-and-Regenerative-Medicine-International-Society (TERMIS-EU) Y1 - 2007/07// Y2 - // VL - 13 SP - 1702 EP - 1702 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Hydrodynamic evaluation of a bioreactor for tissueengineering heart valves A1 - Bowles, CT A1 - Van Loon, R A1 - Dreger, SA A1 - Biglino, G A1 - Chan, C A1 - Parker, KH A1 - Chester, AH A1 - Taylor, PM A1 - Yacoub, MH U1 - Conference of the Tissue-Engineering-and-Regenerative-Medicine-International-Society (TERMIS-EU) Y1 - 2007/07// Y2 - // VL - 13 SP - 1708 EP - 1708 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effect of alpha 2, alpha 5 and alpha nu beta 3 integrins on mesenchymal stem cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins A1 - Dreger, SA A1 - Taylor, PM A1 - Yacoub, MH A1 - Chester, AH U1 - Conference of the Tissue-Engineering-and-Regenerative-Medicine-International-Society (TERMIS-EU) Y1 - 2007/07// Y2 - // VL - 13 SP - 1677 EP - 1678 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Health effects of nanomaterials A1 - Tetley, TD U1 - Cojnference on Bionanotechnology - From Self-Assembly to Cell Biology Y1 - 2007/06// Y2 - // VL - 35 SP - 527 EP - 531 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Eisenmenger syndrome and pulmonary arterial hypertension in adults with congenital heart disease A1 - Gatzoulis, MA A1 - Barst, R A1 - Fineman, J A1 - Galie, N U1 - Workshop on Pulmonary Arterial Hypetension and Congenital Heart Disease Y1 - 2007/02// Y2 - // VL - 23 SP - S19 EP - S25 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Magnetic resonance of the heart A1 - Pennell, D U1 - 39th International Diagnostic Course Meeting Y1 - 2007/// Y2 - // SP - 149 EP - 153 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Oncogenesis following delivery of a non-primate lentiviral gene therapy vector to fetal mice A1 - Themis, M A1 - Waddington, SN A1 - Schmidt, M A1 - von Kalle, C A1 - Wang, YH A1 - Al-Allaf, F A1 - Gregory, L A1 - Nivsarkar, M A1 - Themis, M A1 - Holder, M A1 - Buckley, SMK A1 - Dighe, N A1 - Ruthe, A A1 - Mistry, A A1 - Bigger, B A1 - Thrasher, A A1 - Coutelle, C U1 - Autumn Meeting of the British-Toxicology-Society Y1 - 2006/02/15/ Y2 - // VL - 219 SP - 233 EP - 233 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Using Text Mining for Understanding Insulin Signalling A1 - Ghanem M A1 - Ratcliffe J A1 - Curcin V A1 - Li X A1 - Tattoud R A1 - Scott J A1 - Guo YK U1 - 4th UK e-Science All Hands Meeting 2005\r\n Y1 - 2005/09// N2 - - UR - http://pubs.doc.ic.ac.uk/text-mining-insulin ER - TY - CONF T1 - CHD and stroke mortality and metabolic syndrome in UK African Caribbeans and Europeans. A population based prospective cohort stud A1 - T Tillin A1 - N Forouhi A1 - P McKeigue A1 - N Chaturvedi U1 - European Association for the Study of Diabetes Meeting AD - Athens J1 - European Association for the Study of Diabetes. 41st Annual Meeting Y1 - 2005/09/01/ Y2 - 2005/09/12/ PB - Springer CY - Germany SP - A 121 EP - A 121 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Predicting red muscle performance A1 - Curtin, NA A1 - Lou, F A1 - Woledge, RC U1 - Symposium on Locomotory Muscle Function and Control held at the 10th Benelux Congress for Zoology Y1 - 2005/03// Y2 - // VL - 55 SP - 59 EP - 70 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cardiac morphology and atrial fibrillation: basic mechanism or target to therapy? A1 - Ho SY U1 - Atrial Fibrillation 2005 - Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: the ugly and the nasty. AD - Bologna, Italy Y1 - 2005/// Y2 - 2005/10// PB - Centro Editoriale Pubblicitaro Italiano CY - Rome, Italy SP - 15 EP - 15 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Three-dimensional echocardiography: Which role for CRT patients? A1 - Nihoyannopoulos, P U1 - 9th International Workshop on Cardiac Arrhythmias Y1 - 2005/// Y2 - // SP - 481 EP - 483 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Epithelial cell shape and Rho small GTPases. A1 - Fujita, Y A1 - Braga, VMM. A2 - G. Bock and J. Goodie U1 - Signalling Networks in Cell Shape and Motility AD - Singapore Y1 - 2005/// VL - 261 PB - Novartis Foundation Symposium CY - Singapore SP - 144 EP - 158 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Hypertension - is our follow-up adequate? A1 - Simmonds NJ A1 - Sheth A U1 - British Thoracic Society Winter Conference AD - London, UK J1 - Thorax Y1 - 2005/// Y2 - 2005/// CY - Thorax N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension -is our follow-up adequate? A1 - Simmonds NJ A1 - Sheth A U1 - American Thoracic Society AD - San Diego, USA J1 - Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society Y1 - 2005/// Y2 - 2005/// CY - USA N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Dronedarone for prevention of atrial fibrillation: An unfulfilled promise? A1 - Capucci, A A1 - Villani, GQ A1 - Aschieri, D A1 - Piepoli, M U1 - 9th International Workshop on Cardiac Arrhythmias Y1 - 2005/// Y2 - // SP - 109 EP - 115 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in pulmonary sarcoidois. A1 - Coker, RK A1 - Rahman, L A1 - Skopljak, A A1 - Al-Nahhas, A A1 - Hughes, JMB A1 - Ind, PW U1 - American Thoracic Society AD - San Diego, California J1 - Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society Y1 - 2005/// Y2 - 2005/05// VL - 2 SP - A863 EP - A863 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhanced viral bronchiolitis during adult re-infection of neonatally primed mice is not dependent on host genotype. A1 - Tregoning JS A1 - Yamaguchi Y A1 - Mihm DM A1 - Openshaw PJM U1 - Frontiers in neonatal and infant immunology AD - Madrid, Spain Y1 - 2005/// Y2 - 2005/// N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - In utero gene therapy for genetic disease: animal models, target diseases and ethical considertions A1 - Coutelle, C U1 - 2nd European Conference and Practical Course on Towards Clinical Gene Therapy - Preclinical Gene Transfer Assessment Y1 - 2004/10// Y2 - // VL - 11 SP - S143 EP - S143 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards prenatal gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: ultrasound guided delivery of recombinant adenoviral vectors to the fetal sheep trachea results in efficient marker gene expression in the airway epithelia A1 - David, AL A1 - Peebles, D A1 - Gregory, L A1 - Themis, M A1 - Cook, T A1 - Nivsarkar, M A1 - Perocheau, D A1 - Weisz, B A1 - Rodeck, CH A1 - Coutelle, C U1 - 1st Annual Conference of the British-Society-for-Gene-Therapy Y1 - 2004/09// Y2 - // VL - 6 SP - S20 EP - S21 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Permanent phenotypic correction of haemophilia B in immunocompetent mice by prenatal gene therapy A1 - Waddington, SN A1 - Nivsarkar, MS A1 - Mistry, AR A1 - Buckley, SMK A1 - Kemball-Cook, G A1 - Mosley, KL A1 - Mitrophanous, K A1 - Radcliffe, P A1 - Holder, MV A1 - Brittan, M A1 - Georgiadis, T A1 - Al-Allaf, F A1 - Bigger, BW A1 - Gregory, LG A1 - Cook, TH A1 - Ali, RR A1 - Thrasher, A A1 - Tuddenham, EGD A1 - Themis, M A1 - Coutelle, C U1 - 7th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-Therapy Y1 - 2004/05// Y2 - // VL - 9 SP - S15 EP - S15 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Targeting the fetal gut for prenatal gene therapy. A1 - Weisz, B A1 - David, AL A1 - Peebles, DM A1 - Gregory, L A1 - Perocheau, D A1 - Themis, M A1 - Terry, C A1 - Coutelle, C A1 - Rodeck, CH U1 - 51st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation Y1 - 2004/02// Y2 - // VL - 11 SP - 182A EP - 182A N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - "Pill in the pocket": How effective and safe is this strategy for treatment of recurrences of atrial fibrillation? A1 - Capucci, A A1 - Villani, GQ A1 - Rusticali, G A1 - Piepoli, MF U1 - 8th International Workshop on Cardiac Arhythmias Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - // SP - 51 EP - 56 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Does attenuation corected SPECT improve the detection of viable myocardium? A1 - Loong CY A1 - Prvulovich EM A1 - Reyes E A1 - Smith R A1 - Wechalekar K A1 - van Aswegen A A1 - Anagnostopoulos C A1 - Ell PJ A1 - Underwood SR U1 - British Nuclear Medicine Society AD - Brighton, UK Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - 2004/// VL - 25 PB - Nucl Med Commun SP - 409 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - 4th Advanced Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult A1 - Gatzoulis MA AD - London, UK Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - 2004/09/27/ PB - Royal College of Surgeons of England N2 - - UR - http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/ACHD2004/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhanced viral bronchiolitis during adult re-infection of neonatally primed mice is not dependent on host genotype. A1 - Tregoning JS A1 - Yamaguchi Y A1 - Mihm DM A1 - Openshaw PJM U1 - BSI Annual Congress AD - Harrogate, UK. Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - 2004/// VL - 113 PB - Immunology N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Growing old with cystic fibrosis A1 - Simmonds NJ U1 - British Thoracic Society Winter Conference AD - London, UK J1 - Thorax Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - 2004/// N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The TEW method for crosstalk correction in simultneous 201Tl/99mTc myocardial perfusion SPECT maging A1 - van Aswegen A A1 - Loong CY A1 - Underwood SR U1 - British Nuclear Medicine Society AD - Brighton, UK Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - 2004/// VL - 25 PB - Nucl Med Commun SP - 422 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cardiac rehabilitation A1 - Cowie, MR U1 - Symposium on What About the Workers Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - // SP - 51 EP - 56 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - LV function parameters obtained from gated myocardial SPECT imaging: a comparison of two data processing systems A1 - Tout D A1 - Rogers A A1 - van Aswegen A A1 - Underwood SR U1 - British Nuclear Medicine Society AD - Brighton, UK Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - 2004/// VL - 25 PB - Nucl Med Commun SP - 423 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - National Advisory Board in Adult CHD and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension A1 - Gatzoulis MA U1 - (supported by Actelion Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) AD - London Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - 2004/03// N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Growing old with cystic fibrosis A1 - Simmonds NJ U1 - North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference AD - St Louis, USA J1 - Paediatric Pulmonology Y1 - 2004/// Y2 - 2004/// CY - Paediatric Pulmonology N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cardiac motion tracking in tagged MR images using a 4D B-spline motion model and nonrigid image registration A1 - Chandrashekara,R. A1 - Mohiaddin,R.H. A1 - Rueckert,D. U1 - 2nd IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging, Arlington, VA, 15 - 18 April 2004 Y1 - 2004/// PB - IEEE CY - New York SP - 468 EP - 471 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Intra-amniotic application of CFTR-expressing adenovirus does not reverse cystic fibrosis phenotype in inbred Cftr-knockout mice A1 - Buckley, SMK A1 - Waddington, SN A1 - Jezzard, S A1 - Themis, M A1 - Colledge, WH A1 - Coutelle, C U1 - 6th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-Therapy Y1 - 2003/05// Y2 - // VL - 7 SP - S200 EP - S200 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Induction of antigen-specific T-cell regulation through peptide immunotherapy A1 - Alexander, C A1 - Forsyth, L A1 - Ying, S A1 - Verhoef, A A1 - Lamb, J A1 - Kay, AB A1 - Larche, M U1 - 27th Symposium of the Collegium-Internationale-Allergologicum Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - // SP - 320 EP - 323 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - FDG gamma camera PET in the detrection of viable myocardium in chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction A1 - Loong CY A1 - Prvulovich EM A1 - Reyes E A1 - Smith R A1 - Wechalekar K A1 - van Aswegen A A1 - Anagnostopoulos C A1 - Ell PJ A1 - Underwood SR U1 - British Nuclear Medicine Society AD - Brighton, UK Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/// VL - 24 PB - Nucl Med Commun SP - 464 EP - 465 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The morphology of the cardiac conduction system. . , A1 - Anderson RH U1 - Novartis Foundation Symposium 250 AD - London UK J1 - Development of the cardiac conduction system. Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/// PB - John Wiley & Son Ltd CY - Chichester UK SP - 6 EP - 17 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Tobacco chloroplasts as a platform for vaccine production. A1 - Maliga P A1 - Tregoning J A1 - Kuroda H A1 - Svab Z A1 - Lutz K A1 - Corneille S A1 - Nixon P A1 - Clare S A1 - Bowe F A1 - Fairweather N A1 - Dougan G U1 - Plant Biotechnology 2002 and Beyond AD - Orlando, Florida, USA Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/// PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers SP - 397 EP - 400 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Clinical pathology of the cardiac conduction system. A1 - Ho SY U1 - Novartis Foundation Symposium 250 J1 - Development of the cardiac conduction system Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/// PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd CY - Chichester UK SP - 210 EP - 220 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - 2nd Joint European / North American Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult A1 - Gatzoulis MA AD - Santorini, Greece Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/09/19/ N2 - - UR - http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/ACHD2003/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - Intra-ventricular blood flow simulation with patient specific geometry A1 - Long, Q A1 - Merrifield, R A1 - Xu, XY A1 - Kilner, PJ A1 - Firmin, DN A1 - Yang, GZ U1 - 4th International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB 2003) Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - // SP - 126 EP - 129 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Histamine induces changes in cardiac capillary endothelial cells, in situ, which are similar to morphometric changes observed following ischaemia. A1 - Glyn M C., Lawrenson J G. and Ward B J. U1 - British microcirculation Society J1 - J. Vasc. Res. Y1 - 2003/// VL - 40(3)299 SP - 299 EP - 299 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Allergen immunotherapy: Immune deviation or anergy? A1 - Nouri-Aria, KT A1 - Wilson, DR A1 - Durham, SR U1 - 27th Symposium of the Collegium-Internationale-Allergologicum Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - // SP - 342 EP - 345 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - 3D ultrasound-based CFD for carotid flow prediction: a reproducibility study A1 - Glor, FP A1 - Ariff, B A1 - Augst, AD A1 - Barratt, DC A1 - Hughes, AD A1 - Thom, SAM A1 - Verdonck, P A1 - Xu, XY U1 - 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - // SP - 1701 EP - 1704 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Communicating junctions, connexins and the cardiomyocyte: From cell biology to cardiology A1 - Severs, NJ U1 - 17th World Heart Congress Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - // VL - 5 SP - 417 EP - 434 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Comparative effect of ischaemia on capillary dimensions in the retina, brain and myocardium. A1 - Lawrenson J G., Glyn M C., and Ward B J. U1 - British microcirculation Society J1 - Abs. J. Vasc. Res. 40(3): 306 Y1 - 2003/// VL - 40(3) SP - 306 EP - 306 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Theraputic Nihilism or an opportunity for change? A1 - Gatzoulis MA U1 - Extramural programme within the Annual British Cardiac Society Meeting (supported by Actelion Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) AD - Glasgow Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/04// N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cardiovascular disease at high altitude A1 - Gibbs JSR A1 - Galliford J U1 - 5th World Congress on Mountain Medicine AD - Barcelona, Spain Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/// PB - Universitat de Barcelona CY - Barcelona SP - 181 EP - 186 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effect of anti-IL-5 (mezolizumab) on airway eosinophils in asthmatics A1 - Kay, AB A1 - Flood-Page, PT A1 - Menzies-Gow, AN A1 - Robinson, DS U1 - 27th Symposium of the Collegium-Internationale-Allergologicum Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - // SP - 298 EP - 301 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The effect of attenuation correction on normal regional uptake in myocardial SPECT using different perfusion tracers A1 - Jogiya R A1 - van Aswegen A A1 - Loong CY A1 - Kundley K A1 - Underwood SR U1 - British Nucelar Medicine Society AD - Brighton, UK Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/// VL - 24 PB - Nucl Med Commun SP - 465 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the presence of metastatic lung disease A1 - Wechalekar K A1 - Reyes E A1 - Loong CY A1 - Bailey J A1 - Naidoo VV A1 - Anagnostopoulos C A1 - Underwood SR U1 - European Association of Nucelar Medicine AD - Amsterdam Y1 - 2003/// Y2 - 2003/// PB - Eur J Nucl Med N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - COPD alters the diaphragm motor area response to transcranial magnetic stimulation A1 - Hopkinson, NS A1 - Sharshar, T A1 - Ross, E A1 - Dayer, MJ A1 - Nickol, AH A1 - Moxham, J A1 - Polkey, MI U1 - Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society Y1 - 2002/12// Y2 - // VL - 57 SP - U50 EP - U50 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Early use of dornase alpha in cystic fibrosis - Con A1 - Bush, A U1 - 25th European Cystic Fibrosis Conference Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // SP - 259 EP - 262 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Disease markers in COPD: exhaled breath vs. exhaled condensate A1 - Kharitonov, SA U1 - Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // VL - 346 SP - 218 EP - 222 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Biology of asthma A1 - Barnes, PJ U1 - Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // VL - 346 SP - 133 EP - 142 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Circadian patterns of atrial fibrillation onset mechanism: Can pacing be influential? A1 - Capucci, A A1 - Villani, GQ A1 - Marrazzo, N A1 - Pozzetti, D A1 - Piepoli, M U1 - 7th International Workshop on Cardiac Arrhythmias Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // SP - 530 EP - 535 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - A novel mucosal vaccine based on tetanus toxin fragment C expressed in tobacco chloroplasts. A1 - Tregoning JS A1 - Nixon P A1 - Kuroda H A1 - Svab Z A1 - Clare S A1 - Bowe F A1 - Fairweather N A1 - Ytterberg J A1 - van Wijk K A1 - Dougan G A1 - Maliga P U1 - 11th International Congress of Mucosal Immunology AD - Orlando, Florida Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - 2002/// PB - Curette, Tigon N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analysis of myocardial motion in tagged MR images using nonrigid image registration A1 - Chandrashekara,R. A1 - Mohiaddin,R.H. A1 - Rueckert,D. A2 - Sonka,M.; Fitzpatrick,J.M. U1 - Medical imaging 2002 conference, San Diego, California, 2002 Y1 - 2002/// PB - Spie-Int Society Optical Engineering CY - Bellingham SP - 1168 EP - 1179 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Technical aspects of exhaled NO: Investigator point of view A1 - Kharitonov, SA U1 - Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // VL - 346 SP - 62 EP - 63 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exhaled markers in cystic fibrosis A1 - Balint, B A1 - Kharitonov, SA A1 - Horvath, I A1 - Barnes, PJ U1 - Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // VL - 346 SP - 234 EP - 241 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - NO is generated via NOS enzymes A1 - Kharitonov, SA U1 - Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // VL - 346 SP - 57 EP - 61 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Macrolides in cystic fibrosis A1 - Bush, A U1 - 25th European Cystic Fibrosis Conference Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // SP - 255 EP - 258 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - 1st Joint European / North American Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult A1 - Gatzoulis MA AD - London, UK Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - 2002/09/26/ PB - Royal College of Surgeons of England N2 - - UR - http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/ACHD2002/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - Markers in exhaled air and condensate to monitor treatment in asthma A1 - Kharitonov, SA U1 - Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // VL - 346 SP - 177 EP - 186 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Joint Brompton / National Heart & Lung Institute and the Hellenic College of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgey Symposium on End-Stage Heart Failure and Transplantation A1 - Gatzoulis MA AD - Athens, Greece Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - 2002/06/21/ N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Molecular mechanisms of steroid actions A1 - Adcock, IM A1 - Ito, K U1 - Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // VL - 346 SP - 151 EP - 158 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The pathology of isolated left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC). A rare cause of heart failure A1 - Hughes, SE A1 - Elliott, P A1 - Kilner, P A1 - Ho, SY A1 - Morgan, D U1 - 8th World Congress on Heart Failure - Mechanisms and Management Y1 - 2002/// Y2 - // SP - 249 EP - 254 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - A novel imaging strategy for structural segmentation of the left ventricle A1 - Merrifield, RD A1 - Keegan, J A1 - Firmin, DN A1 - Yang, GZ U1 - International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality (MIRA 2001) Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - // SP - 157 EP - 162 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Adult Tetralogy of Fallot: Part II A1 - Gatzoulis MA U1 - The Internation Society for Adult Cardiac Congenital Disease (ISACCD) Series AD - Orlando, ACC Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - 2001/03// N2 - - UR - http://www.futuraco.com/coursesF.htm ER - TY - CONF T1 - Sex steroids and the cardiovascular system in vivo: actions in humans A1 - Collins, P U1 - Workshop on Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - // SP - 107 EP - 115 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mechanisms of estrogen action on the cardiovascular system A1 - Stevenson, JC U1 - 3rd International Symposium on Hormonal Carcinogenesis Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - // SP - 365 EP - 371 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Neutrophil-endothelial contact and the regulation of chemokine production A1 - Brooks, A A1 - Blease, K A1 - Hellewell, P A1 - Evans, T A1 - Burke-Gaffney, A U1 - Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Vascular Endothelium Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - // VL - 330 SP - 282 EP - 285 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - In vivo models of airway goblet cell hyperplasia and mucin gene expression A1 - Smith, AK A1 - Rogers, DF U1 - 2nd International Meeting on Cilia, Mucus, and Mucociliary Interactions Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - // SP - 239 EP - 251 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - A method of vessel tracking for vessel diameter measurement on retinal images A1 - Gao, XH A1 - Bharath, A A1 - Stanton, A A1 - Hughes, A A1 - Chapman, N A1 - Thom, S U1 - International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2001) Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - // SP - 881 EP - 884 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Royal Brompton Advanced Symposium in Adult Congenital Heart Disease & Cardiac Surgery A1 - Gatzoulis MA U1 - (Sponsored by FUTURA) AD - Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart & Lung Institute Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - 2001/02// N2 - - UR - http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/achd ER - TY - CONF T1 - Virtual tagging for analysing cardiac deformation A1 - Masood, S A1 - Estcourt, GN A1 - Gatehouse, GN A1 - Firmin, DN A1 - Yang, GZ U1 - International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality (MIRA 2001) Y1 - 2001/// Y2 - // SP - 61 EP - 66 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - End stage heart failure - options for medical treatment and beyond A1 - Poole-Wilson, PA U1 - Workshop on Surgical Remodeling in Heart Failure - Alternative to Transplantation Y1 - 2000/// Y2 - // SP - 19 EP - 30 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Delineation of the patterns of activation of the human left atrium during sinus rhythm using a non-contact mapping system A1 - Markides, V A1 - Schilling, RJ A1 - Chow, AWC A1 - Lamb, D A1 - Kanagaratnam, P A1 - Davies, DW A1 - Peters, NS U1 - 27th Annual Meeting of Computers in Cardiology Y1 - 2000/// Y2 - // VL - 27 SP - 497 EP - 498 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Targeted gene delivery: Variations on a common theme A1 - Coutelle, C U1 - 10th Meeting of the NATO-Advanced-Studies-Institue on Targeting of Drugs: Strategies for Gene Constructs and Delivery Y1 - 2000/// Y2 - // VL - 323 SP - 1 EP - 9 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Non-contact mapping of the human left atrium to guide ablation of focal atrial fibrillation A1 - Markides, V A1 - Schilling, RJ A1 - Chow, AWC A1 - Kanagaratnam, P A1 - Lamb, D A1 - Peters, NS A1 - Davies, DW U1 - 27th Annual Meeting of Computers in Cardiology Y1 - 2000/// Y2 - // VL - 27 SP - 89 EP - 91 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Prevention of disease by targeting gene therapy to the fetus? A1 - Coutelle, C U1 - 10th Meeting of the NATO-Advanced-Studies-Institue on Targeting of Drugs: Strategies for Gene Constructs and Delivery Y1 - 2000/// Y2 - // VL - 323 SP - 69 EP - 75 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The role of eotaxin and related CC-chemokines in asthma and allergy A1 - Mitchell, TJ A1 - Williams, TJ U1 - 9th International Conference of the Inflammation Association Y1 - 2000/// Y2 - // SP - 1 EP - 12 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The convergence technique in numerical solutions of coupled fluid-wall problems A1 - Zhao, SZ A1 - Xu, XY A1 - Collins, MW A1 - Stanton, AV A1 - Hughes, AD A1 - Thom, SA U1 - Conference on Cardiovascular Flow Modelling and Measurement with Application to Clinical Medicine Y1 - 1999/// Y2 - // VL - 70 SP - 125 EP - 134 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - CT lung image classification with correction for perfusion gradient A1 - Chabat, F A1 - Hansell, DM A1 - Yang, GZ U1 - 7th IEE Conference on Image Processing and its Applications (IPA99) Y1 - 1999/// Y2 - // SP - 402 EP - 406 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The effect of estrogen on the coronary vasculature A1 - Collins, P U1 - 1st International Symposium on Estrogens and the Cardiovascular Systems Y1 - 1999/// Y2 - // SP - 21 EP - 31 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Automatic tracking of vortical flow patterns with MR velocity mapping A1 - Yang, GZ A1 - Mohiaddin, RH U1 - 7th IEE Conference on Image Processing and its Applications (IPA99) Y1 - 1999/// Y2 - // SP - 407 EP - 410 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Action of specific estrogens on vascular cells A1 - Wingrove, CS A1 - Stevenson, JC U1 - 3rd International Symposium on Womens Health and Menopause Y1 - 1999/// Y2 - // VL - 13 SP - 53 EP - 58 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Secondary prevention: pharmacology A1 - Schachter, M U1 - Symposium on Key Advances in the Effective Management of Myocardial Infarction Y1 - 1999/// Y2 - // SP - 39 EP - 44 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Allogeneic and xenogeneic interactions between endothelial cells and human T cells during transplant rejection A1 - Rose, ML U1 - Conference on the Nato Advanced Study Institute on Vasclar Endothelium - Mechanisms of Cell Signaling Y1 - 1999/// Y2 - // VL - 308 SP - 33 EP - 47 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reduced FOV imaging with motion adaptation A1 - Yang, GZ A1 - Gatehouse, PD A1 - Firmin, DN U1 - 7th IEE Conference on Image Processing and its Applications (IPA99) Y1 - 1999/// Y2 - // SP - 502 EP - 506 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The pulmonary circulation in acute lung injury A1 - Singh, S A1 - Evans, TW U1 - Round Table Conference on Acute Lung Injury Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // VL - 30 SP - 129 EP - 146 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Simultaneous localization of connexins 40, 37 and 43 in pulmonary artery endothelial gap junctions A1 - Ko, YS A1 - Yey, HI A1 - Rothery, S A1 - Dupont, E A1 - Severs, NJ U1 - 8th International Gap Junction Conference Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // SP - 183 EP - 187 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Functional neuroimaging of angina pectoris A1 - Rosen, SD U1 - 2nd European Conference on Cardiac PET Research Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // VL - 202 SP - 137 EP - + N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - ARDS: Nitric oxide as cause and therapy in multiple organ failure (MOF) A1 - Singh, S A1 - Jones, A A1 - Evans, TW U1 - NATO Advanced Study Institute on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // VL - 297 SP - 375 EP - 383 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Increased levels of markers of protein oxidation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with ARDS A1 - Quinlan, GJ A1 - Lamb, NJ A1 - Evans, TW A1 - Gutteridge, JMC U1 - NATO Advanced Study Institute on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // VL - 297 SP - 263 EP - 264 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The pulmonary circulation in acute lung injury A1 - Singh, S A1 - Evans, TW U1 - Round Table Conference on Acute Lung Injury Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // VL - 30 SP - 129 EP - 146 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Abnormal tissue oxygenation and cardiovascular changes in endotoxaemia: Beneficial effects of volume resuscitation. A1 - Anning, PB A1 - Sair, M A1 - Winlove, CP A1 - Evans, TW U1 - NATO Advanced Study Institute on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // VL - 297 SP - 343 EP - 344 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effects of caval velocity profiles on pulmonary flow in the total cavopulmonary connection: CFD 3-D model and magnetic resonance studies A1 - Migliavacca, F A1 - Pennati, G A1 - Dubini, G A1 - Pietrabissa, R A1 - Fumero, R A1 - Kilner, PJ A1 - de Leval, MR U1 - 3rd International Symposium on Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // SP - 601 EP - 608 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - T lymphocytes in chronic asthma A1 - Kay, AB U1 - 5th International Conference on Asthma Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // SP - 207 EP - 221 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Transcription factors in asthma A1 - Adcock, IM A1 - Barnes, PJ U1 - 5th International Conference on Asthma Y1 - 1998/// Y2 - // SP - 25 EP - 45 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - HRT and the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease A1 - Stevenson, JC U1 - 2nd International Symposium on Womens Health in Menopause - Risk Reduction Strategies Y1 - 1997/// Y2 - // VL - 11 SP - 125 EP - 128 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Hormone replacement therapy in diabetes A1 - Stevenson, JC A1 - Godsland, IF U1 - 8th International Congress on the Menopause Y1 - 1997/// Y2 - // SP - 315 EP - 322 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Automatic assessment of small airways disease with computed tomography A1 - Yang, GZ A1 - Rubens, M A1 - Hansell, DM U1 - Conference on Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images, at the SPIE Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium Y1 - 1997/// Y2 - // VL - 3033 SP - 58 EP - 68 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Nitric oxide in asthma A1 - Chung, KF U1 - 5th West-Pacific Allergy Symposium/7th Korea-Japan Joint Allergy Symposium Y1 - 1997/// Y2 - // SP - 53 EP - 60 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Towards retinal vessel paramaterisation A1 - Xiaohong,G.X. A1 - Bharath,A.A. A1 - Hughes,A.D. A1 - Stanton,A.V. A1 - Chapman,N. A1 - Thom,S.A. U1 - SPIE Conference on Medical Imaging Y1 - 1997/// N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Functional microanatomy of the cardiac muscle cell and its gap junctions A1 - Severs, NJ U1 - 2nd International Malpighi Symposium on Recent Advances in Microscopy of Cells Tissues and Organs Y1 - 1997/// Y2 - // SP - 281 EP - 290 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - Neurogenic mechanisms in asthma A1 - Chung, KF U1 - 5th West-Pacific Allergy Symposium/7th Korea-Japan Joint Allergy Symposium Y1 - 1997/// Y2 - // SP - 129 EP - 136 N2 - - ER - TY - CONF T1 - The anatomy and innervation of the conduction system A1 - Crick, SJ A1 - Sheppard, MN A1 - Ho, SY A1 - Anderson, RH U1 - 2nd International Malpighi Symposium on Recent Advances in Microscopy of Cells Tissues and Organs Y1 - 1997/// Y2 - // SP - 301 EP - 309 N2 - - ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Elevated Factor VIII in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): association with venous thromboembolism A1 - Shovlin, C L A1 - Sulainam, N L A1 - Govani, FS A1 - Jackson, JE A1 - Begbie, ME J1 - Thrombosis and Haemostasis Y1 - 2007/11// N2 - Introduction: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) causes chronic nasal and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Prothrombotic agents are commonly used for severe haemorrhage. Thrombotic risks have not been defined. Methods To identify prothrombotic variables in HHT patients, and assess their potential functional significance, a pilot ELISA-based study comparing plasma proteins in healthy individuals with HHT to age/sex-matched non-HHT controls was validated in a full study of 309 consecutive HHT-affected individuals. Results In the pilot study, Factor VIII (FVIII) and Von Willebrand Factor antigen concentrations were elevated in the HHT group compared to non-HHT controls (p0.0013, Mann-Whitney). Service laboratory measurements confirmed high FVIII:Ag in 125 HHT-affected individuals with no recent ill-health, intervention or venous thromboemboli. FVIII:Ag levels increased with age. Logistic regression also suggested an age-independent association with HHT-associated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). No association was demonstrated between FVIII:Ag and acute phase response, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ABO group, pulmonary artery pressure, or markers of HHT haemorrhage. Elevated FVIII:Ag were associated with shortened activated partial thromboplastin times (APTTs), and VTE: VTE affected 20/309 (6.5%) HHT-affected individuals, at median age 61(36-71)yr. Four VTE occurred in Factor V Leiden heterozygotes in the months following PAVM-associated brain abscess. The strongest association with VTE was with log-transformed FVIII:Ag measured 10-132 months from VTE (odds ratio 2.41 (95% confidence intervals 1.254, 4.612, p=0.008). Age made no additional contribution to VTE risk once adjusted for FVIII:Ag. Conclusions HHT-related elevation of FVIII:Ag levels may influence thrombotic risk in HHT. Individualised risk-benefit considerations may be helpful in the management of individuals with HHT. ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Elevated Factor VIII in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): association with venous thromboembolism A1 - Shovlin, CL A1 - Sulainam, N A1 - Govani, FS A1 - Jackson , JE A1 - Begbie, ME J1 - Thrombosis and Haemostasis Y1 - 2007/11// ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Primary ciliary dyskinesia in the paediatric population: range and severity of radiological findings in a cohort of patients receiving tertiary care. A1 - Jain, K A1 - Padley, SP A1 - Goldstraw, EJ A1 - Kidd, SJ A1 - Hogg, C A1 - Biggart, E A1 - Bush, A J1 - Clin Radiol Y1 - 2007/10// VL - 62 SN - 0009-9260 SP - 986 EP - 993 N2 - AIM: To investigate the clinical range and severity of radiological findings in a cohort of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) receiving tertiary care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The case notes and clinical test results of 89 children attending the paediatric respiratory disease clinic at our institution were retrospectively analysed. Demographic details including age at diagnosis and common presenting signs and symptoms were studied. Results of chest radiographs, microscopy, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for quantification of lung damage were analysed. RESULTS: In a cohort of 89 children with PCD, a presentation chest radiograph was available in 62% of patients (n=55), with all but one demonstrating changes of bronchial wall thickening. HRCT of the lungs, available in 26 patients, were scored using the system described by Brody et al. analysing five specific features of lung disease, including bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, peribronchial thickening, parenchymal changes of consolidation, and ground-glass density, and focal air-trapping in each lobe. Peribronchial thickening was observed using HRCT in 25 patients, while 20 patients had bronchiectasis. Severity scores were highest for the middle and the lingular lobes. CONCLUSION: The radiographic findings of the largest reported cohort of patients with PCD are presented, with associated clinical findings. Dextrocardia remains the commonest finding on chest radiography. HRCT demonstrates peribronchial thickening and bronchiectasis, which is most marked in the lower zones. Radiological scoring techniques developed for assessment of cystic fibrosis can also be applied for the assessment of disease severity in this patient population. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17765464&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism is associated with sense of coherence in a non-clinical community sample of 7335 adults. A1 - Surtees, PG A1 - Wainwright, NW A1 - Willis-Owen, SA A1 - Sandhu, MS A1 - Luben, R A1 - Day, NE A1 - Flint, J J1 - J Psychiatr Res Y1 - 2007/10// VL - 41 SN - 0022-3956 SP - 707 EP - 710 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16872631&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Oestrogen directly inhibits the cardiovascular L-type Ca(2+) channel Ca(v)1.2. A1 - Ullrich, ND A1 - Koschak, A A1 - Macleod, KT J1 - Biochem Biophys Res Commun Y1 - 2007/09/21/ VL - 361 SN - 0006-291X SP - 522 EP - 527 N2 - Oestrogen can modify the contractile function of vascular smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes. The negative inotropic actions of oestrogen on the heart and coronary vasculature appear to be mediated by L-type Ca(2+) channel (Ca(v)1.2) inhibition, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that oestrogen directly inhibits the cardiovascular L-type Ca(2+) current, I(CaL). The effect of oestrogen on I(CaL) was measured in Ca(v)1.2-transfected HEK-293 cells using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The current revealed typical activation and inactivation profiles of nifedipine- and cadmium-sensitive I(CaL). Oestrogen (50muM) rapidly reduced I(CaL) by 50% and shifted voltage-dependent activation and availability to more negative potentials. Furthermore, oestrogen blocked the Ca(2+) channel in a rate-dependent way, exhibiting higher efficiency of block at higher stimulation frequencies. Our data suggest that oestrogen inhibits I(CaL) through direct interaction of the steroid with the channel protein. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17662243&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Atopic sensitization and the international variation of asthma symptom prevalence in children. A1 - Weinmayr, G A1 - Weiland, SK A1 - Björkstén, B A1 - Brunekreef, B A1 - Büchele, G A1 - Cookson, WO A1 - Garcia-Marcos, L A1 - Gotua, M A1 - Gratziou, C A1 - van Hage, M A1 - von Mutius, E A1 - Riikjärv, MA A1 - Rzehak, P A1 - Stein, RT A1 - Strachan, DP A1 - Tsanakas, J A1 - Wickens, K A1 - Wong, GW A1 - and the ISAAC Phase Two Study Group J1 - Am J Respir Crit Care Med Y1 - 2007/09/15/ VL - 176 SN - 1073-449X SP - 565 EP - 574 N2 - Rationale: Atopic sensitization has long been known to be related to asthma in children, but its role in determining asthma prevalence remains to be elucidated further. Objectives: To investigate the role of atopic sensitization in the large international variation in the prevalence of childhood asthma. Methods: Cross-sectional studies of random samples of 8- to 12-year-old children (n = 1,000 per center) were performed according to the standardized methodology of Phase Two of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC). Thirty study centers in 22 countries worldwide participated and reflect a wide range of living conditions, from rural Africa to urban Europe. Data were collected by parental questionnaires (n = 54,439), skin prick tests (n = 31,759), and measurements of allergen-specific IgE levels in serum (n = 8,951). Economic development was assessed by gross national income per capita (GNI). Measurements and Main Results: The prevalence of current wheeze (i.e., during the past year) ranged from 0.8% in Pichincha (Ecuador) to 25.6% in Uruguaiana (Brazil). The fraction of current wheeze attributable to atopic sensitization ranged from 0% in Ankara (Turkey) to 93.8% in Guangzhou (China). There were no correlations between prevalence rates of current wheeze and atopic sensitization, and only weak correlations of both with GNI. However, the fractions and prevalence rates of wheeze attributable to skin test reactivity correlated strongly with GNI (Spearman rank-order coefficient rho = 0.50, P = 0.006, and rho = 0.74, P < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the strength of the association between current wheeze and skin test reactivity, assessed by odds ratios, increased with GNI (rho = 0.47, P = 0.01). Conclusions: The link between atopic sensitization and asthma symptoms in children differs strongly between populations and increases with economic development. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17575099&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Fluorescence lifetime imaging to detect actomyosin States in Mammalian muscle sarcomeres. A1 - García, DI A1 - Lanigan, P A1 - Webb, M A1 - West, TG A1 - Requejo-Isidro, J A1 - Auksorius, E A1 - Dunsby, C A1 - Neil, M A1 - French, P A1 - Ferenczi, MA J1 - Biophys J Y1 - 2007/09/15/ VL - 93 SN - 0006-3495 SP - 2091 EP - 2101 N2 - We investigated the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of a fluorescently labeled ATP analog (3'-O-{N-[3-(7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxamido)propyl]carbamoyl}ATP) to probe in permeabilized muscle fibers the changes in the environment of the nucleotide binding pocket caused by interaction with actin. Spatial averaging of FLIM data of muscle sarcomeres reduces photon noise, permitting detailed analysis of the fluorescence decay profiles. FLIM reveals that the lifetime of the nucleotide, in its ADP form because of the low concentration of nucleotide present, changes depending on whether the nucleotide is free in solution or bound to myosin, and on whether the myosin is bound to actin in an actomyosin complex. Characterization of the fluorescence decays by a multiexponential function allowed us to resolve the lifetimes and amplitudes of each of these populations, namely, the fluorophore bound to myosin, bound to actin, in an actomyosin complex, and free in the filament lattice. This novel application of FLIM to muscle fibers shows that with spatial averaging, detailed information about the nature of nucleotide complexes can be derived. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17496049&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - JAM-A mediates neutrophil transmigration in a stimulus-specific manner in vivo: evidence for sequential roles for JAM-A and PECAM-1 in neutrophil transmigration. A1 - Woodfin, A A1 - Reichel, CA A1 - Khandoga, A A1 - Corada, M A1 - Voisin, MB A1 - Scheiermann, C A1 - Haskard, DO A1 - Dejana, E A1 - Krombach, F A1 - Nourshargh, S J1 - Blood Y1 - 2007/09/15/ VL - 110 SN - 0006-4971 SP - 1848 EP - 1856 N2 - Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane protein expressed at tight junctions of endothelial and epithelial cells and on the surface of platelets and leukocytes. The role of JAM-A in leukocyte transmigration in vivo was directly investigated by intravital microscopy using both a JAM-A-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) (BV-11) and JAM-A-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. Leukocyte transmigration (but not adhesion) through mouse cremasteric venules as stimulated by interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) or ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was significantly reduced in wild-type mice treated with BV-11 and in JAM-A KO animals. In contrast, JAM-A blockade/genetic deletion had no effect on responses elicited by leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) or platelet-activating factor (PAF). Furthermore, using a leukocyte transfer method and mice deficient in endothelial-cell JAM-A, evidence was obtained for the involvement of endothelial-cell JAM-A in leukocyte transmigration mediated by IL-1beta. Investigation of the functional relationship between JAM-A and PECAM-1 (CD31) determined that dual blockade/deletion of these proteins does not lead to an inhibitory effect greater than that seen with blockade/deletion of either molecule alone. The latter appeared to be due to the fact that JAM-A and PECAM-1 can act sequentially to mediate leukocyte migration through venular walls in vivo. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17505016&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - TGF-beta1 Variants in Chronic Beryllium Disease and Sarcoidosis. A1 - Jonth, AC A1 - Silveira, L A1 - Fingerlin, TE A1 - Sato, H A1 - Luby, JC A1 - Welsh, KI A1 - Rose, CS A1 - Newman, LS A1 - du Bois, RM A1 - Maier, LA A1 - The ACCESS Group J1 - J Immunol Y1 - 2007/09/15/ VL - 179 SN - 0022-1767 SP - 4255 EP - 4262 N2 - Evidence suggests a genetic predisposition to chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and sarcoidosis, which are clinically and pathologically similar granulomatous lung diseases. TGF-beta1, a cytokine involved in mediating the fibrotic/Th1 response, has several genetic variants which might predispose individuals to these lung diseases. We examined whether certain TGF-beta1 variants and haplotypes are found at higher rates in CBD and sarcoidosis cases compared with controls and are associated with disease severity indicators for both diseases. Using DNA from sarcoidosis cases/controls from A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis Group (ACCESS) and CBD cases/controls, TGF-beta1 variants were analyzed by sequence-specific primer PCR. No significant differences were found between cases and controls for either disease in the TGF-beta1 variants or haplotypes. The -509C and codon 10T were significantly associated with disease severity indicators in both CBD and sarcoidosis. Haplotypes that included the -509C and codon 10T were also associated with more severe disease, whereas one or more copies of the haplotype containing the -509T and codon 10C was protective against severe disease for both sarcoidosis and CBD. These studies suggest that the -509C and codon 10T, implicated in lower levels of TGF-beta1 protein production, are shared susceptibility factors associated with more severe granulomatous disease in sarcoidosis and CBD. This association may be due to lack of down-regulation by TGF-beta1, although future studies will be needed to correlate TGF-beta1 protein levels with known TGF-beta1 genotypes and assess whether there is a shared mechanisms for TGF-beta1 in these two granulomatous diseases. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17785866&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Still a future for the bare metal stent? A1 - Barlis, P A1 - Di Mario, C J1 - Int J Cardiol Y1 - 2007/09/14/ VL - 121 SN - 1874-1754 SP - 1 EP - 3 N2 - Percutaneous coronary intervention has witnessed a number of instrumental breakthroughs resulting in improved clinical and angiographic outcomes. Coronary stenting has now surpassed balloon angioplasty as the main treatment strategy due primarily to a more predictable immediate success and a significantly lower risk of restenosis. Stent types have also noticeably changed over recent years with a shift from bare metal to drug eluting coatings. Despite improved outcomes with drug eluting stents however, their bare metal counterparts will continue to play a role for both clinical and economic reasons, at least for the foreseeable future. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17360051&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Turning the Pump Handle: Evolving Methods for Integrating the Evidence on Gene-Disease Association. A1 - Higgins, JP A1 - Little, J A1 - Ioannidis, JP A1 - Bray, MS A1 - Manolio, TA A1 - Smeeth, L A1 - Sterne, JA A1 - Anagnostelis, B A1 - Butterworth, AS A1 - Danesh, J A1 - Dezateux, C A1 - Gallacher, JE A1 - Gwinn, M A1 - Lewis, SJ A1 - Minelli, C A1 - Pharoah, PD A1 - Salanti, G A1 - Sanderson, S A1 - Smith, LA A1 - Taioli, E A1 - Thompson, JR A1 - Thompson, SG A1 - Walker, N A1 - Zimmern, RL A1 - Khoury, MJ J1 - Am J Epidemiol Y1 - 2007/09/05/ SN - 0002-9262 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17804859&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - A protein kinase Cepsilon /anti-apoptotic kinase signalling complex protects human vascular endothelial cells against apoptosis through induction of Bcl-2. A1 - Steinberg, R A1 - Harari, OA A1 - Lidington, EA A1 - Boyle, JJ A1 - Nohadani, M A1 - Samarel, AM A1 - Ohba, M A1 - Haskard, DO A1 - Mason, JC J1 - J Biol Chem Y1 - 2007/09/04/ SN - 0021-9258 N2 - Endothelial cell apoptosis is associated with vascular injury and predisposes to atherogenesis. EC express anti-apoptotic genes including Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and survivin, which also contribute to angiogenesis and vascular remodelling. We report a central role for PKCepsilon in the regulation of Bcl-2 expression and cytoprotection of human vascular endothelium against apoptosis. Using myristoylated inhibitory peptides, a predominant role for PKCepsilon in VEGF-mediated endothelial resistance to apoptosis was revealed. Immunoblotting of endothelial cells infected with an adenovirus expressing a constitutively-active form of PKCepsilon (Adv-PKCepsilon-CA) or control Adv-beta-gal demonstrated a 3-fold, PKCepsilon-dependent increase in Bcl-2 expression, with no significant change in Bcl-X(L), Bad, Bak or Bax. The induction of Bcl-2 inhibited apoptosis induced by serum starvation or etoposide, and PKCepsilon activation attenuated etoposide-induced caspase-3 cleavage. The functional role of Bcl-2 was confirmed with Bcl-2 antagonist HA-14-1. Inhibition of PI-3K attenuated VEGF-induced protection against apoptosis and this was rescued by over-expression of CA-PKCepsilon, suggesting PKCepsilon acts downstream of PI-3K. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated a physical interaction between PKCepsilon and Akt, which resulted in formation of a signaling complex, leading to optimal induction of Bcl-2. This study reveals a pivotal role for PKCepsilon in endothelial cell cytoprotection against apoptosis. We demonstrate that PKCepsilon forms a signalling complex and acts co-operatively with Akt to protect human vascular endothelial cells against apoptosis, through induction of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17785460&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - TNF provokes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac remodeling through activation of multiple cell death pathways. A1 - Haudek, SB A1 - Taffet, GE A1 - Schneider, MD A1 - Mann, DL J1 - J Clin Invest Y1 - 2007/09/04/ VL - 117 SN - 0021-9738 SP - 2692 EP - 2701 N2 - Transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of secretable TNF (MHCsTNF) develop progressive LV wall thinning and dilation accompanied by an increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and a progressive loss of cytoprotective Bcl-2. To test whether cardiac-restricted overexpression of Bcl-2 would prevent adverse cardiac remodeling, we crossed MHCsTNF mice with transgenic mice harboring cardiac-restricted overexpression of Bcl-2. Sustained TNF signaling resulted in activation of the intrinsic cell death pathway, leading to increased cytosolic levels of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and Omi/HtrA2, and activation of caspases -3 and -9. Cardiac-restricted overexpression of Bcl-2 blunted activation of the intrinsic pathway and prevented LV wall thinning; however, Bcl-2 only partially attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Subsequent studies showed that c-FLIP was degraded, that caspase-8 was activated, and that Bid was cleaved to t-Bid, suggesting that the extrinsic pathway was activated concurrently in MHCsTNF hearts. As expected, cardiac Bcl-2 overexpression had no effect on extrinsic signaling. Thus, our results suggest that sustained inflammation leads to activation of multiple cell death pathways that contribute to progressive cardiomyocyte apoptosis; hence the extent of such programmed myocyte cell death is a critical determinant of adverse cardiac remodeling. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17694177&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Severely impaired left ventricular function: Tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in a clinical dilemma. A1 - Bucciarelli-Ducci, C A1 - Locca, D A1 - O'hanlon, R A1 - Oldershaw, P A1 - Prasad, SK J1 - Eur J Heart Fail Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 9 SN - 1388-9842 SP - 959 EP - 961 N2 - In patients with symptoms of heart failure, identifying the underlying cause of cardiomyopathy is helpful to establish the diagnosis and to guide therapy. The differential diagnosis of cardiomyopathy can be challenging based on clinical findings. We report the case of a patient who represented a clinical dilemma (cardiac sarcoidosis or ischaemic heart disease), in whom cardiovascular magnetic resonance was a clinically valuable tool to distinguish dual cardiac pathology due to its unique, non-invasive, tissue characterization capabilities. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17609124&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - A novel technique for nonvolitional assessment of quadriceps muscle endurance in humans. A1 - Swallow, EB A1 - Gosker, HR A1 - Ward, KA A1 - Moore, AJ A1 - Dayer, MJ A1 - Hopkinson, NS A1 - Schols, AM A1 - Moxham, J A1 - Polkey, MI J1 - J Appl Physiol Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 103 SN - 8750-7587 SP - 739 EP - 746 N2 - Assessment of quadriceps endurance is of interest to investigators studying human disease. We hypothesized that repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) of the intramuscular branches of the femoral nerve could be used to induce and quantify quadriceps endurance. To test this hypothesis, we used a novel stimulating coil to compare the quadriceps endurance properties in eight normal humans and, to confirm that the technique could be used in clinical practice, in eight patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To validate the method, we compared in vivo contractile properties of the quadriceps muscle with the fiber-type composition and oxidative enzyme capacity. We used a Magstim Rapid(2) magnetic nerve stimulator with the coil wrapped around the quadriceps. Stimuli were given at 30 Hz, a duty cycle of 0.4 (2 s on, 3 s off), and for 50 trains. Force generation and the surface electromyogram were measured throughout. Quadriceps twitch force, elicited by supramaximal magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve, was measured before and after the protocol. Quadriceps muscle biopsies were analyzed for oxidative (citrate synthase, CS) and glycolytic (phosphofructokinase, PFK) enzyme activity and myosin heavy chain isoform protein expression. The time for force to fall to 70% of baseline (T(70)) was shorter in the COPD group than the control group: 55.6 +/- 26.0 vs. 121 +/- 38.7 s (P = 0.0014). Considering patients and controls together, positive correlations were observed between T(70) and the proportion of type I fibers (r = 0.68, P = 0.004) and CS-to-PFK ratio (CS/PFK) (r = 0.67, P = 0.005). We conclude that quadriceps endurance assessed using rMS is feasible in clinical studies. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17569771&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Myocardial tissue characterization and the role of chronic anemia in sickle cell cardiomyopathy. A1 - Westwood, MA A1 - Shah, F A1 - Anderson, LJ A1 - Strange, JW A1 - Tanner, MA A1 - Maceira, AM A1 - Howard, J A1 - John B. Porter A1 - Walker, JM A1 - Wonke, B A1 - Pennell, DJ J1 - J Magn Reson Imaging Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 26 SN - 1053-1807 SP - 564 EP - 568 N2 - PURPOSE: To use cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques to examine possible causes for the left ventricular (LV) dilatation that occurs in sickle cell disease (SCD), including the effects of chronic anemia, iron-induced cardiomyopathy, and regional fibrosis due to sludge infarcts that occur during sickle crises. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 patients with sickle cell anemia were assessed for LV function and myocardial iron levels using CMR measurements; 30 of these were also assessed for regional fibrosis using late gadolinium-enhancement CMR. The LV function was compared to both normal controls and transfusion dependent non-iron-loaded (NIL) thalassemia major (TM) patients. RESULTS: Only one SCD patient had significant myocardial iron loading, and only two patients had regional fibrosis. There were significant differences in ventricular volumes of the sickle patients compared with both the normal controls and the NIL-TM population (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The LV changes seen in SCD are partly the result of a chronic anemia but there appears to be another contributory factor. This extra factor is not myocardial iron loading or regional fibrosis, although a homogenous fibrotic disorder affecting the left ventricle cannot be excluded. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:564-568. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17729345&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Physiology of airway mucus secretion and pathophysiology of hypersecretion. A1 - Rogers, DF J1 - Respir Care Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 52 SN - 0020-1324 SP - 1134 EP - 1149 N2 - Mucus secretion is the first-line defense against the barrage of irritants that inhalation of approximately 500 L of air an hour brings into the lungs. The inhaled soot, dust, microbes, and gases can all damage the airway epithelium. Consequently, mucus secretion is extremely rapid, occurring in tens of milliseconds. In addition, mucus is held in cytoplasmic granules in a highly condensed state in which high concentrations of Ca(2+) nullify the repulsive forces of the highly polyanionic mucin molecules. Upon initiation of secretion and dilution of the Ca(2+), the repulsion forces of the mucin molecules cause many-hundred-fold swelling of the secreted mucus, to cover and protect the epithelium. Secretion is a highly regulated process, with coordination by several molecules, including soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), and Munc proteins, to dock the mucin granules to the secretory cell membrane prior to exocytosis. Because mucus secretion appears to be such a fundamental airway homeostatic process, virtually all regulatory and inflammatory mediators and interventions that have been investigated increase secretion acutely. When given longer-term, many of these same mediators also increase mucin gene expression and mucin synthesis, and induce goblet cell hyperplasia. These responses induce (in contrast to the protective effects of acute secretion) long-term, chronic hypersecretion of airway mucus, which contributes to respiratory disease. In this case the homeostatic, protective function of airway mucus secretion is lost, and, instead, mucus hypersecretion contributes to pathophysiology of a number of severe respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17716382&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Non-model-based correction of respiratory motion using beat-to-beat 3D spiral fat-selective imaging. A1 - Keegan, J A1 - Gatehouse, PD A1 - Yang, GZ A1 - Firmin, DN J1 - J Magn Reson Imaging Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 26 SN - 1053-1807 SP - 624 EP - 629 N2 - PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of retrospective beat-to-beat correction of respiratory motion, without the need for a respiratory motion model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) spiral black-blood scan of the right coronary artery (RCA) of six healthy volunteers was acquired over 160 cardiac cycles without respiratory gating. One spiral interleaf was acquired per cardiac cycle, prior to each of which a complete low-resolution fat-selective 3D spiral dataset was acquired. The respiratory motion (3D translation) on each cardiac cycle was determined by cross-correlating a region of interest (ROI) in the fat around the artery in the low-resolution datasets with that on a reference end-expiratory dataset. The measured translations were used to correct the raw data of the high-resolution spiral interleaves. RESULTS: Beat-to-beat correction provided consistently good results, with the image quality being better than that obtained with a fixed superior-inferior tracking factor of 0.6 and better than (N = 5) or equal to (N = 1) that achieved using a subject-specific retrospective 3D translation motion model. CONCLUSION: Non-model-based correction of respiratory motion using 3D spiral fat-selective imaging is feasible, and in this small group of volunteers produced better-quality images than a subject-specific retrospective 3D translation motion model. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:624-629. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17729350&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Factors effecting impact of Aspergillus fumigatus sensitization in cystic fibrosis. A1 - Kanthan, SK A1 - Bush, A A1 - Kemp, M A1 - Buchdahl, R J1 - Pediatr Pulmonol Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 42 SN - 8755-6863 SP - 785 EP - 793 N2 - The clinical impact of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) sensitization in cystic fibrosis (CF) is controversial. We examined the effect of Af sensitization (Afs) on pulmonary function and growth using a retrospective cohort analysis over two 5-year study periods: 1996-2000 (19 Afs cases and 19 controls) and 2001-2005 (24 Afs cases and 23 controls). Sensitization was defined as Af specific radioallergosorbent test (RAST) >/= 17.5 iu/ml and total serum IgE level >/=150 iu/ml. We examined the impact of changing treatment schedules over these periods. Afs cases had lower median FEV(1) %predicted (%PR) compared to matched controls 1996: 67 versus 80, P < 0.01; 2001: 78 versus 93, P < 0.01. Afs cases in the 2001 cohort had a higher FEV(1) %PR compared to Afs cases in the 1996 cohort: 78 versus 67, P < 0.01. For the 1996 Afs cohort FEV(1) %PR fell significantly over 5 years but not for the 2001 Afs cohort. Af RAST and total IgE reflected the changes in pulmonary function. Children in the 2001 Afs cohort were prescribed significantly more oral antifungal treatment (odds ratio 4.3, 95%CI 1.2-15.7, P = 0.03). Afs children continue to have poorer lung function compared to controls but this observational, hypothesis generating study, suggests that the use of antifungal treatment is associated with better lung function. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:785-793. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17659599&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Why do patients decline to take part in a research project involving pulmonary rehabilitation? A1 - Taylor , R A1 - Dawson, S A1 - Roberts, N A1 - Sridhar, M A1 - Partridge, MR J1 - Respiratory Medicine Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 101 PB - Elsevier SP - 1942 EP - 1946 N2 - BACKGROUND: It is important that those taking part in research trials are as representative as possible of those with the disease being studied. In a study of those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease involving pulmonary rehabilitation, 120 of 297 suitable patients responded that they did not wish to take part in the trial. We were keen to know why these patients declined to take part in the study. METHODS: A total of 120 patients who had responded that they did not wish to take part in the main trial were approached to ask if they would be willing to undertake a semi-structured face-to-face interview in their own home or by telephone. Those who were willing (n=39) underwent tape-recorded interviews and data analysis was performed using the framework method. RESULTS: This was a qualitative study which revealed that several themes influenced patients' willingness or otherwise to take part in a research project involving pulmonary rehabilitation. Travelling to the hospital and location of the rehabilitation, along with competing commitments, and a variable perception of the benefits to the patient were clearly major factors and some had previous negative experiences of either the hospital, healthcare or research. While there was an element of negativity or impaired understanding regarding the research itself, the other factors appeared to be of greater importance. CONCLUSION: Recruitment to pulmonary rehabilitation courses or recruitment to research involving pulmonary rehabilitation may be more successful if the location of the rehabilitation can be made as near to the patient's home as possible, and if the patient is given as much information as possible about what is involved. ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchial mucosal inflammation in T cell peptide-induced asthmatic reactions in atopic subjects. A1 - Ali, FR A1 - Kay, AB A1 - Larché, M J1 - Thorax Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 62 SN - 0040-6376 SP - 749 EP - 756 N2 - BACKGROUND: Subjects with allergic asthma develop isolated late asthmatic reactions after inhalation of allergen-derived T cell peptides. Animal experiments have shown that airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is CD4+ cell-dependent. It is hypothesised that peptide inhalation produces increases in non-specific AHR and a T cell-dominant bronchial mucosal inflammatory response. METHODS: Bronchoscopy, with bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), was performed in 24 subjects with cat allergy 6 h after aerosol inhalation of short overlapping peptides derived from Fel d 1, the major cat allergen. Biopsy specimens and BAL fluid were studied using immunohistochemistry and ELISA. RESULTS: Twelve of the 24 subjects developed an isolated late asthmatic reaction without a preceding early (mast cell/histamine-dependent) reaction characteristic of whole allergen inhalation. These responders had significant between-group differences (responders vs non-responders) in the changes (peptide vs diluent) in AHR (p = 0.007) and bronchial mucosal CD3+ (p = 0.005), CD4+ (p = 0.006) and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)+ (p = 0.003) but not CD8+ or CD25+ cells or eosinophils, basophils, mast cells and macrophages. The between-group difference for neutrophils was p = 0.05 but with a non-significant within-group value (peptide vs diluent, responders, p = 0.11). In BAL fluid there was a significant between-group difference in TARC (p = 0.02) but not in histamine, tryptase, basogranulin, C3a or C5a, leukotrienes C(4)/D(4)/E(4), prostaglandins D(2) or F(2alpha). CONCLUSIONS: Direct activation of allergen-specific airway T cells by peptide inhalation in patients with atopic asthma leads to increased AHR with local increases in CD3+ and CD4+ cells and TARC but no significant changes in eosinophils or basophil/mast cell products. These findings support previous animal experiments which showed a CD4+ dependence for AHR. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17389757&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Src family tyrosine kinases mediate contraction of rat isolated tail arteries in response to a hyposmotic stimulus. A1 - Wijetunge, S A1 - Hughes, AD J1 - J Hypertens Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 25 SN - 0263-6352 SP - 1871 EP - 1878 N2 - OBJECTIVE: Hypotonic solutions cause vasoconstriction in rat tail arteries, due largely to activation of L-type calcium channels (CaV1.2). We studied possible roles of tyrosine kinases, particularly src family kinases (SFK) and extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2), in this response. METHODS: Rat tail arteries were mounted on a myograph for measurement of isometric force. Arteries were bathed in isosmotic physiological saline solution (300 mOsm/l) containing 50 mmol/l mannitol and were stimulated by a hyposmotic solution containing 0 mmol/l mannitol (PSS-M). Activation of tyrosine kinases and ERK1/2 by hyposmotic solution was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting on rat tail artery lysates with specific phospho-antibodies. RESULTS: Western blotting showed SFK src and yes present in rat tail artery. PSS-M increased tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, including SFK and ERK1/2. Genistein blocked phosphorylation of SFK and ERK1/2 by PSS-M. In isolated arteries PSS-M caused a contraction inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, and three structurally different selective SFK inhibitors, herbimycin-A, PP1 and SU6656. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 or selective inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (AG1296) and epidermal growth factor receptor (AG1478) had no effect on contraction induced by a hypotonic solution. CONCLUSIONS: Hyposmotic conditions activate SFK, src and yes, and contract rat tail artery by a SFK-dependent mechanism. ERK1/2 are activated by the hypotonic solution, but do not play a role in the contractile response. SFK modulation of CaV1.2 may be an important mechanism mediating vasoconstriction to mechanical stimuli in vascular smooth muscle. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17762651&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Analysis of BTNL2 genetic polymorphisms in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis. A1 - Spagnolo, P A1 - Sato, H A1 - Grutters, JC A1 - Renzoni, EA A1 - Marshall, SE A1 - Ruven, HJ A1 - Wells, AU A1 - Tzouvelekis, A A1 - van Moorsel, CH A1 - van den Bosch, JM A1 - du Bois, RM A1 - Welsh, KI J1 - Tissue Antigens Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 70 SN - 0001-2815 SP - 219 EP - 227 N2 - Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disorder, both phenotypically and genetically. Two independent studies have recently shown that a functional polymorphism within butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene predisposes to sarcoidosis independently of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles. However, in both studies, data analysis was not stratified by Löfgren's syndrome, a clinically and genetically distinct sarcoidosis subset. BTNL2, potentially encoding an immune coreceptor, is adjacent and in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA-DRB1. We investigated six BTNL2 variants, including the functional rs2076530 (G > A), as well as HLA-DRB1 alleles, by sequence-specific primers-polymerase chain reaction, in 288 patients and 446 controls from two European countries. In the patient group as a whole, the HLA-DRB1*14 [odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, P(c) = 0.0003], DRB1*12 (OR = 2.5, P(c) = 0.003), and BTNL2 rs2076530 A allele (OR = 1.49, P(c) = 0.002) were all associated with disease susceptibility. However, after exclusion of patients presenting with Löfgren's syndrome and after adjusting for HLA-DRB1 alleles, the association between BTNL2 rs2076530 A and disease disappeared (P = 0.23). By contrast, both HLA-DRB1*14 and DRB1*12 remained strongly significant (OR = 3.60, P < 0.0001 and OR = 3.03, P = 0.003, respectively). BTNL2 haplotype 4, tagged by the rs2076530 G allele, also remained associated with non-Löfgren sarcoidosis after adjusting for HLA-DRB1 alleles (OR 0.37, P = 0.016). In summary, HLA-DRB1*14, DRB1*12, and BTNL2 haplotype 4--but not rs2076530 A--are associated with non-Löfgren sarcoidosis. However, the tight LD across the HLA complex makes it difficult to identify the precise location of the susceptibility locus/i. Larger sample sets from different ethnic groups, finer mapping, and more robust LD analyses across the HLA region are needed. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17661910&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Airway mucosal inflammation in COPD is similar in smokers and ex-smokers: a pooled analysis. A1 - Gamble, E A1 - Grootendorst, DC A1 - Hattotuwa, K A1 - O'shaughnessy, T A1 - Ram, FS A1 - Qiu, Y A1 - Zhu, J A1 - Vignola, AM A1 - Kroegel, C A1 - Morell, F A1 - Pavord, ID A1 - Rabe, KF A1 - Jeffery, PK A1 - Barnes, NC J1 - Eur Respir J Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 30 SN - 0903-1936 SP - 467 EP - 471 N2 - Bronchial biopsy specimens from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients demonstrate increased numbers of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, macrophages and, in some studies, neutrophils and eosinophils. Smoking cessation affects the rate of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) decline in COPD, but the effect on inflammation is uncertain. Bronchial biopsy inflammatory cell counts were compared in current and ex-smokers with COPD. A pooled analysis of subepithelial inflammatory cell count data from three bronchial biopsy studies that included COPD patients who were either current or ex-smokers was performed. Cell count data from 101 subjects, 65 current smokers and 36 ex-smokers, were analysed for the following cell types: CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD68+ (monocytes/macrophages), neutrophil elastase+ (neutrophils), EG2+ (eosinophils), mast cell tryptase+ and cells mRNA-positive for tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Current smokers and ex-smokers were similar in terms of lung function, as measured by FEV(1) (% predicted), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV(1)/FVC. The results demonstrate that there were no significant differences between smokers and ex-smokers in the numbers of any of the inflammatory cell types or markers analysed. It is concluded that, in established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the bronchial mucosal inflammatory cell infiltrate is similar in ex-smokers and those that continue to smoke. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17504799&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Why do patients decline to take part in a research project involving pulmonary rehabilitation? A1 - Taylor, R A1 - Dawson, S A1 - Roberts, N A1 - Sridhar, M A1 - Partridge, MR J1 - Respir Med Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 101 SN - 0954-6111 SP - 1942 EP - 1946 N2 - BACKGROUND: It is important that those taking part in research trials are as representative as possible of those with the disease being studied. In a study of those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease involving pulmonary rehabilitation, 120 of 297 suitable patients responded that they did not wish to take part in the trial. We were keen to know why these patients declined to take part in the study. METHODS: A total of 120 patients who had responded that they did not wish to take part in the main trial were approached to ask if they would be willing to undertake a semi-structured face-to-face interview in their own home or by telephone. Those who were willing (n=39) underwent tape-recorded interviews and data analysis was performed using the framework method. RESULTS: This was a qualitative study which revealed that several themes influenced patients' willingness or otherwise to take part in a research project involving pulmonary rehabilitation. Travelling to the hospital and location of the rehabilitation, along with competing commitments, and a variable perception of the benefits to the patient were clearly major factors and some had previous negative experiences of either the hospital, healthcare or research. While there was an element of negativity or impaired understanding regarding the research itself, the other factors appeared to be of greater importance. CONCLUSION: Recruitment to pulmonary rehabilitation courses or recruitment to research involving pulmonary rehabilitation may be more successful if the location of the rehabilitation can be made as near to the patient's home as possible, and if the patient is given as much information as possible about what is involved. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17540553&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Mucoactive agents for airway mucus hypersecretory diseases. A1 - Rogers, DF J1 - Respir Care Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 52 SN - 0020-1324 SP - 1176 EP - 1197 N2 - Airway mucus hypersecretion is a feature of a number of severe respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF). However, each disease has a different airway inflammatory response, with consequent, and presumably linked, mucus hypersecretory phenotype. Thus, it is possible that optimal treatment of the mucus hypersecretory element of each disease should be disease-specific. Nevertheless, mucoactive drugs are a longstanding and popular therapeutic option, and numerous compounds (eg, N-acetylcysteine, erdosteine, and ambroxol) are available for clinical use worldwide. However, rational recommendation of these drugs in guidelines for management of asthma, COPD, or CF has been hampered by lack of information from well-designed clinical trials. In addition, the mechanism of action of most of these drugs is unknown. Consequently, although it is possible to categorize them according to putative mechanisms of action, as expectorants (aid and/or induce cough), mucolytics (thin mucus), mucokinetics (facilitate cough transportability), and mucoregulators (suppress mechanisms underlying chronic mucus hypersecretion, such as glucocorticosteroids), it is likely that any beneficial effects are due to activities other than, or in addition to, effects on mucus. It is also noteworthy that the mucus factors that favor mucociliary transport (eg, thin mucus gel layer, "ideal" sol depth, and elasticity greater than viscosity) are opposite to those that favor cough effectiveness (thick mucus layer, excessive sol height, and viscosity greater than elasticity), which indicates that different mucoactive drugs would be required for treatment of mucus obstruction in proximal versus distal airways, or in patients with an impaired cough reflex. With the exception of mucoregulatory agents, whose primary action is unlikely to be directed against mucus, well-designed clinical trials are required to unequivocally determine the effectiveness, or otherwise, of expectorant, mucolytic, and mucokinetic agents in airway diseases in which mucus hypersecretion is a pathophysiological and clinical issue. It is noteworthy that, of the more complex molecules in development, it is simple inhaled hypertonic saline that is currently receiving the greatest attention as a mucus therapy, primarily in CF. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17716385&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Reduction of persistent air leak with endoscopic valve implants. A1 - Toma, TP A1 - Kon, OM A1 - Oldfield, W A1 - Sanefuji, R A1 - Griffiths, M A1 - Wells, F A1 - Sivasothy, S A1 - Dusmet, M A1 - Geddes, DM A1 - Polkey, MI J1 - Thorax Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 62 SN - 0040-6376 SP - 829 EP - 832 N2 - The standard management of air leaks due to persistent bronchopleural fistula involves chest drainage and occasionally pleurodesis, with intractable cases requiring surgical decortication or surgical repair. However, some of these patients may be at high risk for surgery, particularly if they have already had thoracic surgery or have other medical problems; for this group there is a need for less invasive methods of stopping or reducing air leaks. Emphasys endobronchial valves (EBV) are occlusive devices designed primarily for endoscopic lung volume reduction in emphysema. Because the device is a one-way inspiratory airway blocker, it is possible that it could be used in controlling persistent air leaks while maintaining the drainage of secretions. Two cases are reported of persistent air leaks that were managed by endoscopic occlusion with EBV. In one case complete stoppage of the air leak was achieved with immediate clinical benefits. The second patient died 5 days after treatment from additional complications apparently not related to the procedure. Endobronchial blockage may be a useful salvage procedure for patients with persistent air leak for whom there is no other treatment available. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17726171&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Hypoplastic circumflex retroesophageal right-sided cervical aortic arch with unusual vascular arrangement and severe coarctation. A1 - Ahluwalia, GS A1 - Rashid, AG A1 - Griselli, M A1 - Szczeklik, M A1 - Rigby, ML A1 - Mohiaddin, RH A1 - Shore, DF J1 - Ann Thorac Surg Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 84 SN - 1552-6259 SP - 1014 EP - 1016 N2 - We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with a hypoplastic retroesophageal circumflex right-sided cervical aortic arch and coarctation. After the incidental finding of a heart murmur when the boy was 9 years old, cardiac magnetic resonance showed a right-sided cervical aortic arch, hypoplastic transverse arch, and separate origin of the left common carotid, right common carotid, right vertebral, and right subclavian arteries. The left subclavian artery arose from the proximal descending aorta next to the coarctation. An extra-anatomical ascending to descending aorta tube graft was inserted through a right lateral thoracotomy with good results. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17720424&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Mapping regulatory variants for the serotonin transporter gene based on allelic expression imbalance. A1 - Martin, J A1 - Cleak, J A1 - Willis-Owen, SA A1 - Flint, J A1 - Shifman, S J1 - Mol Psychiatry Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 12 SN - 1359-4184 SP - 881 EP - 881 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17767150&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Do newly qualified doctors use the knowledge and skills they learned as medical undergraduates? A1 - Smith, SF A1 - Roberts, NJ A1 - Partridge, MR J1 - Medical Education Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 41 PB - Blackwell SP - 917 EP - 917 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - An unusual case of cardiac amyloidosis. A1 - Bucciarelli-Ducci, C A1 - Pennell, DJ J1 - J Gen Intern Med Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 22 SN - 1525-1497 SP - 1382 EP - 1382 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17632762&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Elucidation of the temporal relationship between endothelial-derived NO and EDHF in mesenteric vessels. A1 - Harrington, LS A1 - Carrier, MJ A1 - Gallagher, N A1 - Gilroy, D A1 - Garland, CJ A1 - Mitchell, JA J1 - Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 293 SN - 0363-6135 SP - H1682 EP - H1688 N2 - Although the endothelium co-generates both nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), the relative contribution from each vasodilator is not clear. In studies where the endothelium is stimulated acutely, EDHF responses predominate in small arteries. However, the temporal relationship between endothelial-derived NO and EDHF over more prolonged periods is unclear but of major physiological importance. Here we have used a classical pharmacological approach to show that EDHF is released transiently compared with NO. Acetylcholine (3 x 10(-6) mol/l) dilated second- and/or third-order mesenteric arteries for prolonged periods of up to 1 h, an effect that was reversed fully and immediately by the subsequent addition of l-NAME (10(-3) mol/l) but not TRAM-34 (10(-6) mol/l) plus apamin (5 x 10(-7) mol/l). When vessels were pretreated with l-NAME, acetylcholine induced relatively transient dilator responses (declining over approximately 5 min), and vessels were sensitive to TRAM-34 plus apamin. When measured in parallel, the dilator effects of acetylcholine outlasted the smooth muscle hyperpolarization. However, in the presence of l-NAME, vasodilatation and hyperpolarization followed an identical time course. In vessels from NOSIII(-/-) mice, acetylcholine induced small but detectable dilator responses that were transient in duration and blocked by TRAM-34 plus apamin. EDHF responses in these mouse arteries were inhibited by an intracellular calcium blocker, TMB-8, and the phospholipase A(2) inhibitor AACOCF(3), suggesting a role for lipid metabolites. These data show for the first time that EDHF is released transiently, whereas endothelial-derived NO is released in a sustained manner. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17557917&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Should beta-blocker therapy be reduced or withdrawn after an episode of decompensated heart failure? Results from COMET. A1 - Metra, M A1 - Torp-Pedersen, C A1 - Cleland, JG A1 - Di Lenarda, A A1 - Komajda, M A1 - Remme, WJ A1 - Dei Cas, L A1 - Spark, P A1 - Swedberg, K A1 - Poole-Wilson, PA A1 - for the COMET investigators J1 - Eur J Heart Fail Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 9 SN - 1388-9842 SP - 901 EP - 909 N2 - BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether beta-blocker therapy should be reduced or withdrawn in patients who develop acute decompensated heart failure (HF). We studied the relationship between changes in beta-blocker dose and outcome in patients surviving a HF hospitalisation in COMET. METHODS: Patients hospitalised for HF were subdivided on the basis of the beta-blocker dose administered at the visit following hospitalisation, compared to that administered before. RESULTS: In COMET, 752/3029 patients (25%, 361 carvedilol and 391 metoprolol) had a non-fatal HF hospitalisation while on study treatment. Of these, 61 patients (8%) had beta-blocker treatment withdrawn, 162 (22%) had a dose reduction and 529 (70%) were maintained on the same dose. One-and two-year cumulative mortality rates were 28.7% and 44.6% for patients withdrawn from study medication, 37.4% and 51.4% for those with a reduced dosage (n.s.) and 19.1% and 32.5% for those maintained on the same dose (HR,1.59; 95%CI, 1.28-1.98; p<0.001, compared to the others). The result remained significant in a multivariable model: (HR, 1.30; 95%CI, 1.02-1.66; p=0.0318). No interaction with the beneficial effects of carvedilol, compared to metoprolol, on outcome was observed (p=0.8436). CONCLUSIONS: HF hospitalisations are associated with a high subsequent mortality. The risk of death is higher in patients who discontinue beta-blocker therapy or have their dose reduced. The increase in mortality is only partially explained by the worse prognostic profile of these patients. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17581778&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Deep vein thrombosis in a patient with congenital heart disease and permanent transfemoral pacing. A1 - Giannakoulas, G A1 - Dimopoulos, K A1 - Gatzoulis, MA J1 - Europace Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 9 SN - 1099-5129 SP - 851 EP - 851 N2 - A 45-year-old woman with previous repair of coarctation of aorta, ventricular septal defect closure, and progressive decline in her exercise capacity was admitted for the treatment of left leg deep venous thrombosis (DVT). She had a history of complete heart block and insertion of a pectoral pacemaker. After numerous problems with pocket infections, multiple box changes and fracture of the atrial lead, the pectoral system was extracted, and a transfemoral permanent pacemaker was implanted. Even though transfemoral pacing is considered a safe alternative to epicardial lead placement, this may not be the case in functionally impaired patients with mobility problems. Physicians caring for such patients should be alert to symptoms of DVT and provide prompt treatment to avoid major complications. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17670783&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Combination treatment with omalizumab and rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis: Inhibition of IgE-facilitated allergen binding. A1 - Klunker, S A1 - Saggar, LR A1 - Seyfert-Margolis, V A1 - Asare, AL A1 - Casale, TB A1 - Durham, SR A1 - Francis, JN A1 - the Immune Tolerance Network Group J1 - J Allergy Clin Immunol Y1 - 2007/09// VL - 120 SN - 0091-6749 SP - 688 EP - 695 N2 - BACKGROUND: The combination of anti-IgE (omalizumab) therapy with ragweed injection immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis results in a significant reduction in systemic side effects and enhanced efficacy compared with immunotherapy alone. One proposed mechanism of immunotherapy is to induce regulatory antibodies that inhibit facilitated antigen presentation. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether the combination protocol has a cumulative effect on inhibition of facilitated antigen presentation both during and after discontinuation of treatment. METHODS: Ragweed allergen immunotherapy with and without omalizumab therapy was tested in a 4-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Flow cytometry was used to detect serum inhibitory activity for IgE-facilitated CD23-dependent allergen binding to B cells as a surrogate marker for facilitated antigen presentation. Serum ragweed-specific IgG4 was measured by means of ELISA. RESULTS: Immunotherapy alone resulted in partial inhibition of allergen-IgE binding after 5 to 19 weeks of treatment compared with baseline (P < .01). Complete inhibition of allergen-specific IgE binding was observed in both treatment groups receiving omalizumab (P < .001). Allergen-specific IgG4 levels were only increased after immunotherapy (P < .05), both in the presence and absence of anti-IgE treatment. Combined treatment resulted in the induction of long-lasting inhibitory antibody function for up to 42 weeks compared with either treatment alone. CONCLUSION: Ragweed immunotherapy induced serum regulatory antibodies that partially blocked binding of allergen-IgE complexes to B cells. Additional treatment with anti-IgE, by directly blocking IgE binding to CD23, completely inhibited allergen-IgE binding. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The combination of ragweed immunotherapy and anti-IgE resulted in prolonged inhibition of allergen-IgE binding compared with either treatment alone, events that might contribute to enhanced efficacy. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17631952&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Rab27a and MyoVa are the primary Mlph interactors regulating melanosome transport in melanocytes. A1 - Hume, AN A1 - Ushakov, DS A1 - Tarafder, AK A1 - Ferenczi, MA A1 - Seabra, MC J1 - J Cell Sci Y1 - 2007/09/01/ VL - 120 SN - 0021-9533 SP - 3111 EP - 3122 N2 - Melanosome transport in melanocytes is a model system for the study of cytoskeletal regulation of intracellular transport. Melanophilin (Mlph) is a Rab27a- and myosin Va (MyoVa)-binding protein that regulates this process. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified MT plus-end binding protein (EB1) as a melanocyte-expressed Mlph-interacting protein. To address the role of EB1 versus Rab27a and MyoVa interactions in Mlph targeting and function, we used siRNA and Mlph mutations to specifically disrupt each interaction in cultured melanocytes. Using the Mlph R35W mutant that blocks Mlph-Rab27a interaction and Rab27a siRNA we show this interaction is required for melanosome targeting and stability of Mlph. Mutants and siRNA that affect Mlph-MyoVa and Mlph-EB1 interactions reveal that while neither MyoVa nor EB1 affect Mlph targeting to melanosomes, MyoVa but not EB1 interaction is required for transport of melanosomes to peripheral dendrites. We propose that Mlph is targeted to and/or stabilised on melanosomes by Rab27a, and then recruits MyoVa, which provides additional stability to the complex and allows melanosomes to transfer from MT to actin-based transport and achieve peripheral distribution. EB1 appears to be non-essential to this process in cultured melanocytes, which suggests that it plays a redundant role and/or is required for melanocyte/keratinocyte contacts and melanosome transfer. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17698919&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Treatment potential for cholesterol management in patients with coronary heart disease in 15 European countries: Findings from the EUROASPIRE II survey. A1 - Kotseva, K A1 - Stagmo, M A1 - De Bacquer, D A1 - De Backer, G A1 - Wood, D A1 - on behalf of EUROASPIRE II Study Group J1 - Atherosclerosis Y1 - 2007/08/31/ SN - 0021-9150 N2 - BACKGROUND: During the last decade, the evidence of beneficial effects of cholesterol lowering in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) has been proven in several clinical trials. This has prompted international guidelines on prevention of CHD to include recommendations on dietary and pharmacological treatment of hyperlipidaemia with set goals on total- and LDL-cholesterol. METHODS: The first EUROASPIRE survey performed in 1995/1996 showed poor adherence to the European recommendations on lipid-lowering in patients with CHD. The second survey was carried out in 1999/2000 in 15 European countries and enrolled 8181 patients with CHD. Medical records were assessed and clinical examinations of risk factors including serum lipids were performed. The aim of this survey is to describe the treatment of hyperlipidaemia among CHD patients in Europe. RESULTS: The proportion of patients not reaching the target of 5.0mmol/l was 58.3% with significant variations between countries. The use of lipid-lowering drugs was relatively high (60.9%). However, the most frequently used doses of lipid-lowering agents were much lower than the doses of proven effect used in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Although the treatment of hyperlipidaemia in CHD patients seems to be improving as compared to the first survey, a significant number of patients do not reach treatment goals. If the full potential of lipid-lowering therapy was utilised with all eligible patients treated and doses titrated correctly, more patients would benefit in terms of reduced morbidity and mortality of CHD. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17765905&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Novel role for the Liver X nuclear receptor in the suppression of lung inflammatory responses. A1 - Birrell, MA A1 - Catley, MC A1 - Hardaker, E A1 - Wong, S A1 - Willson, TM A1 - McCluskie, K A1 - Leonard, T A1 - Farrow, SN A1 - Collins, JL A1 - Haj-Yahia, S A1 - Belvisi, MG J1 - J Biol Chem Y1 - 2007/08/31/ SN - 0021-9258 N2 - The liver X receptors (LXRalpha/beta) are part of the nuclear receptor family and are believed to regulate cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. It has also been suggested that LXR agonists possess anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of LXR agonists on the innate immune response in human primary lung macrophages and a pre-clinical rodent model of lung inflammation. Prior to profiling the impact of the agonist we established that both the human macrophages and the rodent lungs expressed LXRalpha/beta. We then used two structurally distinct LXR agonists to demonstrate that activation of this transcription factor reduces cytokine production in THP-1 cells and lung macrophages. Then using the expression profile of ABCA-1 (a gene directly linked to LXR activation) as a biomarker for lung exposure of the compound, we demonstrated an LXR-dependent reduction in lung neutrophilia rodents in vivo. This inhibition was not associated with a suppression c-fos/c-jun mRNA expression or NF-kappaB/AP-1 DNA binding suggesting that any anti-inflammatory activity of LXR agonists is not via inhibition of NF-kappaB/AP-1 transcriptional activity. This data does not completely rule out an impact of these agonists on these two prominent transcription factors. In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate anti-inflammatory actions of LXRs in the lung. Chronic innate inflammatory responses observed in some airway diseases is thought to be central to disease pathogenesis. Therefore these data suggest that LXR ligands have utility in the treatment of lung diseases which involve chronic inflammation mediated by macrophages and neutrophils. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17766241&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - HDL-C in post-menopausal women: An important therapeutic target. A1 - Collins, P J1 - Int J Cardiol Y1 - 2007/08/29/ SN - 1874-1754 N2 - Coronary heart disease is a major cause of mortality in women in Western industrialised countries, particularly after the age of 50 years, coinciding with the onset of the menopause and potentially adverse metabolic changes that occur during the transitional peri-menopausal and post-menopausal periods. Dyslipidaemia characterised by increases in plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) together with the emergence of other diagnostic features of the metabolic syndrome are key factors that increase cardiovascular risk. Treatment beyond LDL-C with a combination of different lipid-modifying therapies may therefore be of greater importance in women than men. Fibrates and nicotinic acid are two treatments that may be added to primary statin therapy. Fibrates are more effective in lowering elevated triglycerides, whereas nicotinic acid is more effective in raising HDL-C. Although there is clearly a need for clinical trials in women, the available data suggests that combination lipid-modifying therapy is a logical treatment strategy in this high-risk patient group. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17764766&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Molecular and functional characteristics of heart-valve interstitial cells. A1 - Chester, AH A1 - Taylor, PM J1 - Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Y1 - 2007/08/29/ VL - 362 SN - 0962-8436 SP - 1437 EP - 1443 N2 - The cells that reside within valve cusps play an integral role in the durability and function of heart valves. There are principally two types of cells found in cusp tissue: the endothelial cells that cover the surface of the cusps and the interstitial cells (ICs) that form a network within the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the body of the cusp. Both cell types exhibit unique functions that are unlike those of other endothelial and ICs found throughout the body. The valve ICs express a complex pattern of cell-surface, cytoskeletal and muscle proteins. They are able to bind to, and communicate with, each other and the ECM. The endothelial cells on the outflow and inflow surfaces of the valve differ from one another. Their individual characteristics and functions reflect the fact that they are exposed to separate patterns of flow and pressure. In addition to providing a structural role in the valve, it is now known that the biological function of valve cells is important in maintaining the integrity of the cusps and the optimum function of the valve. In response to inappropriate stimuli, valve interstitial and endothelial cells may also participate in processes that lead to valve degeneration and calcification. Understanding the complex biology of valve interstitial and endothelial cells is an important requirement in elucidating the mechanisms that regulate valve function in health and disease, as well as setting a benchmark for the function of cells that may be used to tissue engineer a heart valve. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17569642&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Flow and myocardial interaction: an imaging perspective. A1 - Yang, GZ A1 - Merrifield, R A1 - Masood, S A1 - Kilner, PJ J1 - Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Y1 - 2007/08/29/ VL - 362 SN - 0962-8436 SP - 1329 EP - 1341 N2 - Heart failure due to coronary artery disease has considerable morbidity and poor prognosis. An understanding of the underlying mechanics governing myocardial contraction is a prerequisite for interpreting and predicting changes induced by heart disease. Gross changes in contractile behaviour of the myocardium are readily detected with existing techniques. For more subtle changes during early stages of cardiac dysfunction, however, a sensitive method for measuring, as well as a precise criterion for quantifying, normal and impaired myocardial function is required. The purpose of this paper is to outline the role of imaging, particularly cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), for investigating the fundamental relationships between cardiac morphology, function and flow. CMR is emerging as an important clinical tool owing to its safety, versatility and the high-quality images it produces that allow accurate and reproducible quantification of cardiac structure and function. We demonstrate how morphological and functional assessment of the heart can be achieved by CMR and illustrate how blood flow imaging can be used to study flow and structure interaction, particularly for elucidating the underlying haemodynamic significance of directional changes and asymmetries of the cardiac looping. Future outlook on combining imaging with engineering approaches in subject-specific biomechanical simulation is also provided. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17584731&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Biological matrices and bionanotechnology. A1 - Taylor, PM J1 - Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Y1 - 2007/08/29/ VL - 362 SN - 0962-8436 SP - 1313 EP - 1320 N2 - A crucial step towards the goal of tissue engineering a heart valve will be the choice of scaffold onto which an appropriate cell phenotype can be seeded. Successful scaffold materials should be amenable to modification, have a controlled degradation, be compatible with the cells, lack cytotoxicity and not elicit an immune or inflammatory response. In addition, the scaffold should induce appropriate responses from the cells seeded onto it, such as cell attachment, proliferation and remodelling capacity, all of which should promote the formation of a tissue construct that can mimic the structure and function of the native valve. This paper discusses the various biological scaffolds that have been considered and are being studied for use in tissue engineering a heart valve. Also, strategies to enhance the biological communication between the scaffold and the cells seeded onto it as well as the use of bionanotechnology in the manufacture of scaffolds possessing the desired properties will be discussed. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17581810&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Immune response to stem cells and strategies to induce tolerance. A1 - Batten, P A1 - Rosenthal, NA A1 - Yacoub, MH J1 - Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Y1 - 2007/08/29/ VL - 362 SN - 0962-8436 SP - 1343 EP - 1356 N2 - Although recent progress in cardiovascular tissue engineering has generated great expectations for the exploitation of stem cells to restore cardiac form and function, the prospects of a common mass-produced cell resource for clinically viable engineered tissues and organs remain problematic. The refinement of stem cell culture protocols to increase induction of the cardiomyocyte phenotype and the assembly of transplantable vascularized tissue are areas of intense current research, but the problem of immune rejection of heterologous cell type poses perhaps the most significant hurdle to overcome. This article focuses on the potential advantages and problems encountered with various stem cell sources for reconstruction of the damaged or failing myocardium or heart valves and also discusses the need for integrating advances in developmental and stem cell biology, immunology and tissue engineering to achieve the full potential of cardiac tissue engineering. The ultimate goal is to produce 'off-the-shelf' cells and tissues capable of inducing specific immune tolerance. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17584730&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Acute respiratory distress syndrome. A1 - Leaver, SK A1 - Evans, TW J1 - BMJ Y1 - 2007/08/25/ VL - 335 SN - 1468-5833 SP - 389 EP - 394 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17717368&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Epigenetic regulation of airway inflammation. A1 - Adcock, IM A1 - Tsaprouni, L A1 - Bhavsar, P A1 - Ito, K J1 - Curr Opin Immunol Y1 - 2007/08/24/ SN - 0952-7915 N2 - Diverse cellular functions including the regulation of inflammatory gene expression, DNA repair and cell proliferation are regulated by epigenetic changes. Transcriptional co-activators possess intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, and histone acetylation plays a major role in inflammatory gene expression. Other marks such as histone methylation are also associated with gene induction and gene repression. Recent evidence implicates histone acetylation and methylation as being crucial for the development of tolerance in macrophages and CpG methylation for T regulatory cell development and function. The expression of the enzymes that lay down or remove these epigenetic marks have not been well studied in human airways disease, but reduced HDAC2 expression and activity is reported in lung macrophages, biopsies and blood cells from patients with COPD, severe asthma and smoking asthma. In vitro, inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) often lead to a further induction of inflammatory gene expression. This is not always the case, however, as HATs and HDACs also target non-histone proteins particularly transcription factors to alter their activity. Furthermore, trichostatin A, an HDAC inhibitor, can reduce inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma. This effect of HDAC inhibitors may be due to their effects on cell death acting through acetylation of non-histone proteins. The role of epigenetic modifications in inflammatory gene expression and in the control of cell function in the airways is becoming clearer. Targeting specific enzymes involved in this process may lead to new therapeutic agents, in particular, in situations where current anti-inflammatory therapies are currently suboptimal. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17720468&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Clinical review: Sleep measurement in critical care patients: research and clinical implications. A1 - Bourne, RS A1 - Minelli, C A1 - Mills, GH A1 - Kandler, R J1 - Crit Care Y1 - 2007/08/22/ VL - 11 SN - 1466-609X SP - 226 EP - 226 N2 - ABSTRACT: : Sleep disturbances are common in critically ill patients and have been characterised by numerous studies using polysomnography. Issues regarding patient populations, monitoring duration and timing (nocturnal versus continuous), as well as practical problems encountered in critical care studies using polysomnography are considered with regard to future interventional studies on sleep. Polysomnography is the gold standard in objectively measuring the quality and quantity of sleep. However, it is difficult to undertake, particularly in patients recovering from critical illness in an acute-care area. Therefore, other objective (actigraphy and bispectral index) and subjective (nurse or patient assessment) methods have been used in other critical care studies. Each of these techniques has its own particular advantages and disadvantages. We use data from an interventional study to compare agreement between four of these alternative techniques in the measurement of nocturnal sleep quantity. Recommendations for further developments in sleep monitoring techniques for research and clinical application are made. Also, methodological problems in studies validating various sleep measurement techniques are explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN47578325. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17764582&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Lung Delivery Studies Using siRNA Conjugated to TAT(48-60) and Penetratin Reveal Peptide Induced Reduction in Gene Expression and Induction of Innate Immunity. A1 - Moschos, SA A1 - Jones, SW A1 - Perry, MM A1 - Williams, AE A1 - Erjefalt, JS A1 - Turner, JJ A1 - Barnes, PJ A1 - Sproat, BS A1 - Gait, MJ A1 - Lindsay, MA J1 - Bioconjug Chem Y1 - 2007/08/21/ SN - 1043-1802 N2 - The therapeutic application of siRNA shows promise as an alternative approach to small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of human disease. However, the major obstacle to its use has been the difficulty in delivering these large anionic molecules in vivo. In this study, we have investigated whether siRNA-mediated knockdown of p38 MAP kinase mRNA in mouse lung is influenced by conjugation to the nonviral delivery vector cholesterol and the cell penetrating peptides (CPP) TAT(48-60) and penetratin. Initial studies in the mouse fibroblast L929 cell line showed that siRNA conjugated to cholesterol, TAT(48-60), and penetratin, but not siRNA alone, achieved a limited reduction of p38 MAP kinase mRNA expression. Intratracheal administration of siRNA resulted in localization within macrophages and scattered epithelial cells and produced a 30-45% knockdown of p38 MAP kinase mRNA at 6 h. As with increasing doses of siRNA, conjugation to cholesterol improved upon the duration but not the magnitude of mRNA knockdown, while penetratin and TAT(48-60) had no effect. Importantly, administration of the penetratin or TAT(48-60) peptides alone caused significant reduction in p38 MAP kinase mRNA expression, while the penetratin-siRNA conjugate activated the innate immune response. Overall, these studies suggest that conjugation to cholesterol may extend but not increase siRNA-mediated p38 MAP kinase mRNA knockdown in the lung. Furthermore, the use of CPP may be limited due to as yet uncharacterized effects upon gene expression and a potential for immune activation. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17711319&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Atrial enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. A1 - Lyne, JC A1 - Petryka, J A1 - Pennell, DJ J1 - Eur Heart J Y1 - 2007/08/21/ SN - 0195-668X L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17704093&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - An arm and a leg to protect the heart? A1 - Purcell, H A1 - Pepper, J J1 - Lancet Y1 - 2007/08/18/ VL - 370 SN - 1474-547X SP - 542 EP - 543 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17707732&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Suppression of lipopolysaccharide- and tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin (IL)-8 expression by glucocorticoids involves changes in IL-8 promoter acetylation. A1 - Tsaprouni, LG A1 - Ito, K A1 - Adcock, IM A1 - Punchard, N J1 - Clin Exp Immunol Y1 - 2007/08/17/ SN - 0009-9104 N2 - There is accumulating evidence that the transrepressional effect of glucocorticoids in down-regulating proinflammatory gene expression might be regulated by an action on histone acetylation. To investigate this, we studied the effect of two glucocorticoids (dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide) on reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced interleukin (IL)-8 release in a monocytic cell line and two lymphocytic cell lines (HUT-78 and Jurkat). The effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on LPS- and TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 release and its repression by glucocorticoids was also examined. LPS and TNF-alpha induced IL-8 release in all three cell lines and this induction was inhibited by both dexamethasone and triamcinolone. Pretreatment of cells with TSA enhanced basal and LPS- and TNFalpha-stimulated IL-8 release in all three cell lines. TSA also attenuated the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on stimulated IL-8 release. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that LPS and TNF-alpha enhanced histone acetylation at the IL-8 promoter and that this was inhibited by triamcinolone in all three cell types. Changes in histone acetylation at the IL-8 are important in its regulation by proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory agents, and modulation of this activity may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory conditions. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17711487&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Early Detection of Airway Wall Remodelling and Eosinophilic Inflammation in Preschool Wheezers. A1 - Saglani, S A1 - Payne, DN A1 - Zhu, J A1 - Wang, Z A1 - Nicholson, AG A1 - Bush, A A1 - Jeffery, PK J1 - Am J Respir Crit Care Med Y1 - 2007/08/16/ SN - 1073-449X N2 - RATIONALE: It is unclear when the pathological features of asthma first appear. We hypothesised that eosinophilic airway inflammation and epithelial reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening, absent in wheezy infants, would be present in preschool children with severe, recurrent wheeze. OBJECTIVES: To compare RBM thickness and inflammation in endobronchial biopsies (EB) from wheezy preschool children and age-matched controls. METHODS: EB were obtained from wheezy preschool children (aged 3 months to 5 years), undergoing a clinically indicated fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB). Subjects undergoing FOB to investigate stridor acted as non-asthma controls. RBM thickness was measured and the density of subepithelial, immunologically distinct inflammatory cells was determined and expressed as a volume fraction(%). EB from 16 children (median age 29 [7-57] months) with wheeze confirmed by video questionnaire (CW), 14 with reported wheeze (RW) (17 [8-58] months) and 10 controls (19 [5-42] months) were assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: RBM thickness in the three groups was: CW (median 4.6 [range 2.9-8.0]microm), RW (3.5 [2.1-5.4]microm), Controls (3.8 [2.5-4.7]microm). RBM was significantly thicker in CW than Controls, p<0.05. Eosinophil density was: CW (median 1.07 [range 0.0-3.52]%), RW (0.72 [0.0-2.04]%), Controls (0.0 [0.0-1.05]%). Eosinophilic inflammation was significantly greater in CW compared to Controls, p<0.05. There were no between-group differences for any other inflammatory cell phenotype. CONCLUSION: The characteristic pathological features of asthma in adults and school-aged children develop in preschool children with confirmed wheeze between the ages of one and three years, a time when intervention may modify the natural history of asthma. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17702968&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in eisenmenger syndrome is associated with biventricular dysfunction and decreased pulmonary flow velocity. A1 - Broberg, CS A1 - Ujita, M A1 - Prasad, S A1 - Li, W A1 - Rubens, M A1 - Bax, BE A1 - Davidson, SJ A1 - Bouzas, B A1 - Gibbs, JS A1 - Burman, J A1 - Gatzoulis, MA J1 - J Am Coll Cardiol Y1 - 2007/08/14/ VL - 50 SN - 1558-3597 SP - 634 EP - 642 N2 - OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine what factors are associated with pulmonary artery thrombi in Eisenmenger patients. BACKGROUND: Pulmonary artery thrombosis is common in Eisenmenger syndrome, although its underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. METHODS: Adult patients with Eisenmenger syndrome underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography. Measurement of ventricular function, pulmonary artery size, and pulmonary artery blood flow were obtained. Hypercoagulability screening and platelet function assays were performed. RESULTS: Of 55 consecutive patients, 11 (20%) had a detectable thrombus. These patients were older (p = 0.032), but did not differ in oxygen saturation, hemoglobin, or hematocrit from those without thrombus. Right ventricular ejection fraction by magnetic resonance imaging was lower in those with thrombus (0.41 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.53 +/- 0.13, p = 0.017), as was left ventricular ejection fraction (0.48 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.09, p = 0.002), a finding corroborated by tissue Doppler and increased brain natriuretic peptide. Those with thrombus also had a larger main pulmonary artery diameter (48 +/- 14 mm vs. 38 +/- 9 mm, p = 0.007) and a lower peak systolic velocity in the pulmonary artery (p = 0.003). There were no differences in clotting factors, platelet function, or bronchial arteries between groups. Logistic regression showed pulmonary artery velocity to be independently associated with thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary arterial thrombosis among adults with Eisenmenger syndrome is common and relates to older age, biventricular dysfunction, and slow pulmonary artery blood flow rather than degree of cyanosis or coagulation abnormalities. Further work to define treatment efficacy is needed. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17692749&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Excessive ventilation during early phase of exercise: A new predictor of poor long-term outcome in patients with chronic heart failure. A1 - Jankowska, EA A1 - Witkowski, T A1 - Ponikowska, B A1 - Reczuch, K A1 - Borodulin-Nadzieja, L A1 - Anker, SD A1 - Piepoli, MF A1 - Banasiak, W A1 - Ponikowski, P J1 - Eur J Heart Fail Y1 - 2007/08/14/ SN - 1388-9842 N2 - BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrating prognostic value of excessive exercise ventilation in chronic heart failure (CHF) have focused on data derived from the whole cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Whether ventilatory response to early phase of exercise is useful for risk stratification in CHF is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 216 patients with systolic CHF who underwent CPET (age: 60+/-11 years, NYHA class [I/II/III/IV]: 18/104/77/17). Ventilatory response to exercise (slope of regression line relating ventilation to carbon dioxide production) was calculated from the whole exercise test (VE-VCO(2)-all) and from the first 3 min of exercise (early phase - VE-VCO(2)-3 min). During follow-up (mean: 40+/-20 months, >3 years in survivors), 89 (41%) CHF patients died. High VE-VCO(2)-all and VE-VCO(2)-3 min predicted poor outcome in single predictor analyses, and in multivariable models when adjusted for prognosticators (age, NYHA class, ejection fraction, peak VO(2)) (P<0.0001). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, areas under curve for 3-year follow-up were similar for VE-VCO(2)-all and VE-VCO(2)-3 min. VE-VCO(2)-3 min maintained its prognostic value in patients taking beta-blockers (P<0.0001) and those unable to perform maximal CPET (P=0.0009). CONCLUSIONS: In CHF patients, excessive ventilation assessed over the first 3 min predicts poor outcome. Assessment of ventilatory response to exercise for prognostic stratification may be extended to patients unable to perform maximal CPET. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17702647&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Perfusion CMR and SPECT in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A1 - O'hanlon, R A1 - Teo, K A1 - Bucciarelli-Ducci, C A1 - Pennell, DJ J1 - Int J Cardiol Y1 - 2007/08/14/ SN - 1874-1754 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17706805&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Anti-androgens increase N-terminal pro-BNP levels in men with prostate cancer. A1 - Dockery, F A1 - Bulpitt, CJ A1 - Agarwal, S A1 - Vernon, C A1 - Nihoyannopoulos, P A1 - Kemp, M A1 - Hooper, J A1 - Rajkumar, C J1 - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) Y1 - 2007/08/13/ SN - 0300-0664 N2 - Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anti-androgens on left ventricular (LV) function and levels of N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a sensitive cardiac risk marker, in men with prostate cancer as these are widely used drugs in this condition, and evidence suggests that endogenous androgens are cardioprotective in men. Design and patients Forty-three men (mean age 70.7 +/- 6.2 years) with prostate cancer were randomized to goserelin (an LH-releasing hormone analogue) or bicalutamide (an androgen-receptor blocker) for 6 months; 20 men with a history of prostate cancer on no treatment were studied in parallel. Results Mean changes in testosterone and oestradiol, respectively, from baseline to 6 months were -88% and -46% with goserelin, +50% and +44% with bicalutamide, and -1% and -9% for the 'no-treatment' group. Bicalutamide significantly increased NT-proBNP from baseline to 3 and 6 months (median value at baseline, 3 and 6 months: 55, 101 and 118 ng/l, respectively). Goserelin caused a significant increase from baseline to 3 months but not to 6 months (median value at baseline, 3 and 6 months: 66, 87 and 72 ng/l, respectively). No significant changes occurred in the 'no-treatment' cohort (median value at baseline 3 and 6 months: 60, 53 and 60 ng/l, respectively). No significant changes in LV function, blood pressure (BP), body mass index or waist-hip ratio occurred to account for the changes in NT-proBNP. Conclusion Androgen receptor blockade and, to a lesser extent, androgen suppression cause an increase in NT-pro-BNP in men with prostate cancer. The significance is not clear but could imply an adverse effect on cardiovascular risk following hormonal manipulation. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17692108&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Is air travel safe for those with lung disease? A1 - Coker, RK A1 - Shiner, RJ A1 - Partridge, MR J1 - Eur Respir J Y1 - 2007/08/09/ SN - 0903-1936 N2 - Airlines commonly report respiratory in-flight emergencies; flight outcomes have not been examined prospectively in large numbers of respiratory patients. We conducted a prospective observational study of flight outcomes in this group.UK respiratory specialists were invited to recruit patients planning air travel. Centres undertook their usual pre-flight assessment. Within two weeks of return, patients completed a questionnaire documenting symptoms, in-flight oxygen use, and unscheduled healthcare use.Six hundred and sixteen patients were recruited; 500 (81%) returned questionnaires. The commonest diagnoses were airway (54%) and diffuse parenchymal lung disease (23%). Twelve patients died, seven before flying and five within one month. Pre-flight assessment included oximetry (96%), spirometry (95%), hypoxic challenge (45%) and walk test (10%). Eleven percent did not fly. In those who flew, unscheduled respiratory healthcare use rose from 9% in the four weeks beforehand to 19% in the four weeks after travel. However, when compared with self-reported data during the preceding year, medical consultations rose by just 2%.In patients flying after careful respiratory specialist assessment, commercial air travel appears generally safe. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17690127&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Images in cardiovascular medicine. Myocarditis and sudden cardiac death in the young: extensive fibrosis suggested by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in vivo and confirmed post mortem. A1 - Babu-Narayan, SV A1 - McCarthy, KP A1 - Ho, SY A1 - Magee, AG A1 - Kilner, PJ A1 - Sheppard, MN J1 - Circulation Y1 - 2007/08/07/ VL - 116 SN - 1524-4539 SP - e122 EP - e125 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17679621&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Trends in hospital admissions, in-hospital case fatality and population mortality from congenital heart disease in England, 1994 to 2004. A1 - Billett, J A1 - Majeed, A A1 - Gatzoulis, MA A1 - Cowie, M J1 - Heart Y1 - 2007/08/07/ SN - 1468-201X N2 - Objective To ascertain time trends in rates of hospital admission, operations, in- hospital case fatality and general mortality for congenital heart disease (CHD) in England and Wales. Design Retrospective analysis of Hospital Episodes Statistics for England (April 1995-March 2004) and mortality statistics for England and Wales (1994-2003). Population All NHS patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD to hospitals in England, and all deaths in England and Wales with an underlying cause of CHD. Main outcome measures Age standardised hospital admission rates, case fatality rates and death rates from congenital heart disease. Results Between 1995/96 and 2003/04 the age standardised hospital admission rate for CHD increased from 30.7 per 100,000 (95% CI 29.9-31.4) to 35.5 per 100,000 (95% CI 34.7-36.4) in males and from 28.2 per 100,000 (95% CI 27.4-28.9) to 32.8 per 100,000 (95% CI 32.0-33.6) in females. Between 1997/98 and 2003/04 in-hospital case fatality rates fell from 2.10% (95% CI 1.97-2.22) to 0.83% (95% CI 0.74-0.92). Population mortality fell steadily over the decade 1994 to 2003 in men and women, with the largest proportionate decrease in the 1-4 year age group. Conclusion Admission rates for CHD have increased over the past decade, particularly amongst patients in older age groups. There has also been a significant decrease in both in-hospital case fatality rates and in general population mortality rates. These trends are consistent with improvements in the quality of care for these patients, improvements in survival and the predicted expansion in the number of adults living with CHD. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17646196&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Comorbidity, health care utilisation and process of care measures in patients with congenital heart disease in the UK: cross-sectional population-based study with case control analysis. A1 - Billett, J A1 - Cowie, MR A1 - Gatzoulis, MA A1 - Vonder Muhll, IF A1 - Majeed, A J1 - Heart Y1 - 2007/08/07/ SN - 1468-201X N2 - Background Relatively little is known about the prevalence of comorbidities, patterns of health care utilisation and primary care recording of clinical indicators in patients with congenital heart disease. Methods We conducted a population-based case control study using data from general practices across the UK contributing data to the QRESEARCH primary care database. The subjects were 9952 cases of congenital heart disease and 29837 matched controls. Outcome measures were: Prevalence (%) of selected comorbidities; adjusted odds ratios (OR) for risk of comorbidities, health care utilisation and clinical indicator recording. Results The overall crude prevalence of congenital heart disease was 3.05 per 1000 patients (95% CI 2.90 to 3.11). Prevalence of key comorbidities in congenital heart disease patients ranged from 2.4% (95% CI 2.1 to 2.7) for epilepsy to 9.3% (95% CI 8.8 to 9.9) for hypertension. After adjusting for smoking and deprivation, cases were significantly more likely than controls to have each of the cardiovascular comorbidities e.g. adjusted odds ratio for atrial fibrillation 7.6 (6.1 to 9.3), and also had an increased risk of diabetes, epilepsy and renal disease. Patients with congenital heart disease were heavier users of primary care than controls. congenital heart disease patients were also more likely than controls to have lifestyle and risk factor measurements recorded in primary care e.g. adjusted odds ratio for BMI recording in cases versus controls 1.23 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.31), although overall levels of recording were low. Conclusions There is a significant burden of comorbidity associated with congenital heart disease, and levels of primary care utilisation and referral to secondary care are high in this patient population. The predicted future expansion in the numbers of adults with congenital heart disease owing to improvements in survival will have implications for primary and secondary care, and not just tertiary centres offering specialist care. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17646191&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Endothelial-dependent mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to the vascular wall. A1 - Rao, RM A1 - Yang, L A1 - Garcia-Cardena, G A1 - Luscinskas, FW J1 - Circ Res Y1 - 2007/08/03/ VL - 101 SN - 1524-4571 SP - 234 EP - 247 N2 - Inflammation is a fundamental process that protects organisms by removing or neutralizing injurious agents. A key event in the inflammatory response is the localized recruitment of various leukocyte subsets. Here we address the cellular and regulatory mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to the vessel wall in cardiovascular disease and discuss our evolving understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium in this process. The vascular endothelium is the continuous single-cell lining of the cardiovascular system that forms a critical interface between the blood and its components on one side and the tissues and organs on the other. It is heterogeneous and has many synthetic and metabolic functions including secretion of platelet-derived growth factor, von Willebrand factor, prostacyclin, NO, endothelin-1, and chemokines and the expression of adhesion molecules. It also acts as a nonthrombogenic and selective permeable barrier. Endothelial cells also interact closely with the extracellular matrix and with adjacent cells including pericytes and smooth muscle cells within the vessel wall. A central question in vascular biology is the role of the endothelium in the initiation of inflammatory response, the extent of its "molecular conversations" with recruited leukocytes, and its influence on the extent and/or outcome of this response. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17673684&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Computed tomography findings in fibrosing mediastinitis. A1 - Devaraj, A A1 - Griffin, N A1 - Nicholson, AG A1 - Padley, SP J1 - Clin Radiol Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 62 SN - 0009-9260 SP - 781 EP - 786 N2 - AIM: To describe the CT features of fibrosing mediastinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical notes, histology, and CT images from 12 patients with fibrosing mediastinitis were reviewed. Clinical data regarding the presentation and suspected aetiology were correlated with location of mediastinal disease, calcification, effect on mediastinal structures, and additional pulmonary findings on computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: The mean age was 40.5 years, with seven female and five male patients. The most common presenting symptom was shortness of breath. Fibrosing mediastinitis diffusely infiltrated the mediastinum in five patients and was localized in seven. Calcification was present in two cases. Eleven of 12 cases had narrowing of mediastinal structures, including five with pulmonary artery narrowing, five with superior vena cava obstruction, four with bronchial narrowing, three with tracheal narrowing, and one with narrowing of the pulmonary vein. The disease was considered idiopathic in seven cases with a demonstrable aetiology in five cases. Eight out of 12 patients had additional pulmonary findings, including all patients with a known aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: In the present series of patients, fibrosing mediastinitis more commonly presented as a localized mediastinal mass than as diffuse mediastinal disease, with the anterior mediastinal compartment most frequently involved. Most cases were idiopathic compared with the majority of previous cases at this institution being ascribed to tuberculosis. There is a high incidence of concomitant pulmonary findings, in particular when an identifiable aetiology is present. Obstruction of vital structures frequently gives rise to complications. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17604768&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Uric acid and other renal function parameters in patients with stable angina pectoris participating in the ACTION trial: impact of nifedipine GITS (gastro-intestinal therapeutic system) and relation to outcome. A1 - Ruilope, LM A1 - Kirwan, BA A1 - de Brouwer, S A1 - Danchin, N A1 - Fox, KA A1 - Wagener, G A1 - Segura, J A1 - Poole-Wilson, PA A1 - Lubsen, J A1 - on behalf of the ACTION investigators J1 - J Hypertens Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 25 SN - 0263-6352 SP - 1711 EP - 1718 N2 - BACKGROUND: Little data is available concerning the prognostic implications of renal function abnormalities, their evolution over time and the effects of nifedipine on such abnormalities in patients with stable angina pectoris. METHODS: The previously published ACTION trial compared long-acting nifedipine GITS 60 mg once daily to placebo among 7,665 patients. Standard laboratory tests including creatinine and uric acid were assessed at baseline, after 6 months, 2 and 4 years, and at the end of follow-up. We assessed the impact of nifedipine on markers of renal dysfunction and determined whether evidence of renal failure alters the impact of nifedipine on the clinical outcome of patients with stable angina. RESULTS: Uric acid was not while creatinine level and estimated creatinine clearance were potent conditionally independent predictors of total mortality and of cardiovascular clinical events. Relative to placebo, nifedipine reduced 6-month uric acid levels by 3% (P < 0.001) of the baseline value. This difference was maintained during long-term follow-up, was present both in normotensives and in hypertensives, and was not explained by differences in diuretic therapy or allopurinol use. Nifedipine had no effect on the occurrence of clinical renal failure. Relative to placebo, the effects of nifedipine on cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.17], any stroke or transient ischaemic attack (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.88), new overt heart failure (HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.95), and the need for any coronary procedure (HR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.88) were consistent across strata of markers of renal dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, in patients with stable angina, nifedipine reduces uric acid levels and does not affect other markers of renal dysfunction. Renal dysfunction does not alter the effects of nifedipine on clinical outcome. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17620970&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - No association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and mood status in a non-clinical community sample of 7389 older adults. A1 - Surtees, PG A1 - Wainwright, NW A1 - Willis-Owen, SA A1 - Sandhu, MS A1 - Luben, R A1 - Day, NE A1 - Flint, J J1 - J Psychiatr Res Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 41 SN - 0022-3956 SP - 404 EP - 409 N2 - Recent research has suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be implicated in the aetiology of mood-related phenotypes. Here we report an investigation of the association between a BDNF coding variant (Val66Met, rs6265) and mood status in a large non-clinical sample of men and women. We genotyped 7389 adult men and women, aged 41-80 years, selected from participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk, United Kingdom). Evidence of past year prevalent, lifetime and recurrent episodic major depressive disorder (MDD) and of past year prevalent and lifetime generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), defined by DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, was assessed through questionnaire together with a five-item version of the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). A total of 1214 (16.4%) participants reported lifetime MDD and 355 (4.8%) reported lifetime GAD. In this population based study we found no evidence to support an association between the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism and mood status. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16497333&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of bosentan in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. A1 - Diller, GP A1 - Dimopoulos, K A1 - Kaya, MG A1 - Harries, C A1 - Uebing, A A1 - Li, W A1 - Koltsida, E A1 - Gibbs, JS A1 - Gatzoulis, MA J1 - Heart Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 93 SN - 1468-201X SP - 974 EP - 976 N2 - OBJECTIVE: To examine long-term safety and efficacy of bosentan--an oral dual endothelin receptor antagonist--in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease or Eisenmenger's syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary cardiology referral centre. PATIENTS: All adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease treated with bosentan at the Royal Brompton Adult Congenital Heart Centre were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Oxygen saturation, functional (WHO) class, 6-minute walk test distance and liver enzymes were analysed. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (14 female) with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (15 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome) with a mean (SD) age of 41 (9) years (range 23-69) were included. Median follow-up was 29 months (range 1-39). One patient died during follow-up. Patients tolerated bosentan well and no significant rise in liver transaminases was seen. Arterial oxygen saturation remained stable throughout follow-up. Mean (SD) functional class (p = 0.001) and the 6-minute walk test distance improved compared with baseline (284 (144) vs 363 (124) m, 380 (91) m and 408 (114) m at baseline, 0-6 months, 6-12 months and 1-2 years of treatment, respectively; p<0.05 for each). CONCLUSIONS: Bosentan appears to be safe and well tolerated in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease or Eisenmenger's syndrome during mid- to long-term follow-up. In addition, functional class and the 6-minute walk test distance improved and this effect was maintained for up to 2 years of bosentan treatment. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17639112&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Arterial carboxyhemoglobin level and outcome in critically ill patients. A1 - Melley, DD A1 - Finney, SJ A1 - Elia, A A1 - Lagan, AL A1 - Quinlan, GJ A1 - Evans, TW J1 - Crit Care Med Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 35 SN - 0090-3493 SP - 1882 EP - 1887 N2 - OBJECTIVE:: Arterial carboxyhemoglobin is elevated in patients with critical illness. It is an indicator of the endogenous production of carbon monoxide by the enzyme heme oxygenase, which modulates the response to oxidant stress. The objective was to explore the hypothesis that arterial carboxyhemoglobin level is associated with inflammation and survival in patients requiring cardiothoracic intensive care. DESIGN:: Prospective, observational study. SETTING:: A cardiothoracic intensive care unit. PATIENTS:: All patients admitted over a 15-month period. INTERVENTIONS:: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:: Arterial carboxyhemoglobin, bilirubin, and standard biochemical, hematologic, and physiologic markers of inflammation were measured in 1,267 patients. Associations were sought between levels of arterial carboxyhemoglobin, markers of the inflammatory response, and clinical outcome. Intensive care unit mortality was associated with lower minimum and greater maximal carboxyhemoglobin levels (p < .0001 and p < .001, respectively). After adjustment for age, gender, illness severity, and other relevant variables, a lower minimum arterial carboxyhemoglobin was associated with an increased risk of death from all causes (odds risk of death, 0.391; 95% confidence interval, 0.190-0.807; p = .011). Arterial carboxyhemoglobin correlated with markers of the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS:: Both low minimum and high maximum levels of arterial carboxyhemoglobin were associated with increased intensive care mortality. Although the heme oxygenase system is protective, excessive induction may be deleterious. This suggests that there may be an optimal range for heme oxygenase-1 induction. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17568332&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Effects of metoprolol and carvedilol on pre-existing and new onset diabetes in patients with chronic heart failure: data from the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET). A1 - Torp-Pedersen, C A1 - Metra, M A1 - Charlesworth, A A1 - Spark, P A1 - Lukas, MA A1 - Poole-Wilson, PA A1 - Swedberg, K A1 - Cleland, JG A1 - Di Lenarda, A A1 - Remme, WJ A1 - Scherhag, A A1 - COMET investigators J1 - Heart Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 93 SN - 1468-201X SP - 968 EP - 973 N2 - BACKGROUND: Beta blocker treatment may worsen glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To study the development of new onset diabetes in a large cohort of patients with heart failure treated with either metoprolol or carvedilol. DESIGN: Prospective and retrospective analysis of a controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Multinational multicentre study. PATIENTS: 3029 patients with chronic heart failure. INTERVENTIONS: Randomly assigned treatment with carvedilol (n = 1511, target dose 50 mg daily) or metoprolol tartrate (n = 1518, target dose 100 mg daily). RESULTS: Diabetic events (diabetic coma, peripheral gangrene, diabetic foot, decreased glucose tolerance or hyperglycaemia) and new onset diabetes (clinical diagnosis, repeated high random glucose level or glucose lowering drugs) were assessed in 2298 patients without diabetes at baseline. Diabetic events occurred in 122/1151 (10.6%) patients in the carvedilol group and 149/1147 (13.0%) patients in the metoprolol group (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 0.99; p = 0.039). New onset diabetes was diagnosed in 119/1151 (10.3%) v 145/1147 (12.6%) cases in the carvedilol and metoprolol treatment groups (HR = 0.78, CI 0.61 to 0.997; p = 0.048), respectively. Patients with diabetes at baseline had an increased mortality compared with non-diabetic subjects (45.3% v 33.9%; HR = 1.45, CI 1.28 to 1.65). Both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects at baseline had a similar reduction in mortality with carvedilol compared with metoprolol (RR = 0.85; CI 0.69 to 1.06 and RR = 0.82; CI 0.71 to 0.94, respectively). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence and incidence of diabetes is found in patients with heart failure over a course of 5 years. New onset diabetes is more likely to occur during treatment with metoprolol than during treatment with carvedilol. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17237130&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Grass allergen tablet immunotherapy relieves individual seasonal eye and nasal symptoms, including nasal blockage. A1 - Durham, SR A1 - Riis, B J1 - Allergy Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 62 SN - 0105-4538 SP - 954 EP - 957 N2 - BACKGROUND: Symptoms of allergic rhinitis have a considerable impact on the quality of life of the sufferer. Sneezing, runny nose, blocked nose and headache are some of the most common symptoms of allergic rhinitis, which affects work, home and social life for many patients. Sublingual immunotherapy has shown to induce a protective immune response and provide sustained symptom prevention for allergic patients. AIMS OF THE TRIAL: The overall aims were to investigate the efficacy and safety of a sublingual grass allergen tablet (Grazax) 75 000 SQ-T; ALK-Abelló A/S, Denmark). Reported here are the effects of Grazax on individual eye and nasal symptoms. METHODS: The trial was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial including 634 participants with significant rhinoconjunctivitis because of grass pollen. Participants were randomized 1 : 1 to Grazax (a fast dissolving, once daily immunotherapy tablet for home administration) or placebo and received treatment for at least 16 weeks prior to and continuing during the grass pollen season of 2005. Four nasal symptoms and two eye symptoms were scored on a scale from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (severe symptoms) every day during the entire grass pollen season. Nasal symptoms included runny nose, blocked nose, sneezing and itchy nose; eye symptoms included gritty feeling/red/itchy eyes and watery eyes. RESULTS: Consistent and highly significant reductions in individual eye and nasal symptoms (from 22 to 44%) were observed following treatment with Grazax as compared with placebo (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Grazax has effects on multiple allergic symptoms, including nasal blockage, and is an effective treatment of rhinoconjunctivitis, thereby reducing the need for topical anti-allergic drugs. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17620075&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - In vivo evidence for apoptosis in the bone marrow in systemic lupus erythematosus. A1 - Hepburn, AL A1 - Lampert, IA A1 - Boyle, JJ A1 - Horncastle, D A1 - Ng, WF A1 - Layton, M A1 - Vyse, TJ A1 - Botto, M A1 - Mason, JC J1 - Ann Rheum Dis Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 66 SN - 0003-4967 SP - 1106 EP - 1109 N2 - An increase in leucocyte apoptosis and impaired clearance of apoptotic cells has been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Apoptotic cells are likely to be a key source of autoantigens in SLE as they express many of the nuclear autoantigens (in surface blebs and apoptotic bodies) that are relevant to this disease. The clearance of apoptotic cells is usually a rapid process, such that few cells are usually seen in the extracellular environment in vivo. We report a case in which multiple apoptotic bodies were observed in the bone marrow of a patient with SLE that was complicated by an immune-mediated pancytopenia. We have subsequently examined the frequency of apoptotic cells, identified morphologically, and by caspase-3 staining in bone-marrow trephine samples taken from patients with SLE over a 10-year period of follow-up. A high proportion of bone marrows contained apoptotic debris. The novel demonstration of apoptotic bodies in vivo in patients with SLE is unusual and supports the notion that the marrow may be a target organ in the disease. Their abundance is also consistent with the hypothesis that normal clearance mechanisms are defective and/or overwhelmed in SLE. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17277002&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Management of cardiovascular risk in the peri-menopausal woman: a consensus statement of European cardiologists and gynaecologists. A1 - Collins, P A1 - Rosano, G A1 - Casey, C A1 - Daly, C A1 - Gambacciani, M A1 - Hadji, P A1 - Kaaja, R A1 - Mikkola, T A1 - Palacios, S A1 - Preston, R A1 - Simon, T A1 - Stevenson, J A1 - Stramba-Badiale, M J1 - Eur Heart J Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 28 SN - 0195-668X SP - 2028 EP - 2040 N2 - Cardiovascular risk is poorly managed in women, especially during the menopausal transition when susceptibility to cardiovascular events increases. Clear gender differences exist in the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, progression, prognosis, and management of cardiovascular risk. Key risk factors that need to be controlled in the peri-menopausal woman are hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, and other components of the metabolic syndrome, with the avoidance and careful control of diabetes. Hypertension is a particularly powerful risk factor and lowering of blood pressure is pivotal. Hormone replacement therapy is acknowledged as the gold standard for the alleviation of the distressing vasomotor symptoms of the menopause, but the findings of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study generated concern for the detrimental effect on cardiovascular events. Thus, hormone replacement therapy cannot be recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Whether the findings of WHI in older post-menopausal women can be applied to younger peri-menopausal women is unknown. It is increasingly recognized that hormone therapy is inappropriate for older post-menopausal women no longer displaying menopausal symptoms. Both gynaecologists and cardiovascular physicians have an important role to play in identifying peri-menopausal women at risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and should work as a team to identify and manage risk factors such as hypertension. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17644507&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - The non-neuronal cholinergic system in the airways: an unappreciated regulatory role in pulmonary inflammation? A1 - Gwilt, CR A1 - Donnelly, LE A1 - Rogers, DF J1 - Pharmacol Ther Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 115 SN - 0163-7258 SP - 208 EP - 222 N2 - The parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine is also synthesised and secreted by non-neuronal cells and modifies their behaviour. This is termed the "non-neuronal cholinergic system" and is present in airway inflammatory cells. Acetylcholine is predominantly pro-inflammatory for lymphocytes and epithelial cells, anti-inflammatory for mast cells and macrophages, both pro- and anti-inflammatory for monocytes, and variable in neutrophils and eosinophils. Expression and function of components of the non-neuronal cholinergic system, for example cholinoceptors, can be modified by nicotine in cigarette smoke, the inflammation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the drugs used in clinical management of these diseases. The non-neuronal cholinergic system of airway inflammatory cells represents a previously unappreciated regulatory pathway, with immunomodulatory effects that potentially influence the inflammation of asthma and COPD. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17597218&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Use of albumin creatinine ratio and urine albumin concentration as a screening test for albuminuria in an Indo-Asian population. A1 - Jafar, TH A1 - Chaturvedi, N A1 - Hatcher, J A1 - Levey, AS J1 - Nephrol Dial Transplant Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 22 SN - 0931-0509 SP - 2194 EP - 2200 N2 - BACKGROUND: Albuminuria (>30 mg/day) based on 24 h urine albumin excretion is one of the criteria for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Differences in urine albumin concentration and creatinine excretion rates between Indo-Asians and other populations may require different threshold values for detection of albuminuria. We compared the use of spot urine albumin concentration and urine albumin to creatinine excretion ratio for detection of albuminuria in this population. METHODS: A total of 577 subjects aged >/=40 years, 54% of whom were women, were recruited from the general population in Karachi, Pakistan. Albumin concentration (mg/l) and albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/g of creatinine) were determined in a spot morning urine sample, and albuminuria (30 mg/day or greater) measured in a 24 h urine collected on the subsequent day. RESULTS: The median (25-75 percentile) of urine albumin excretion was 4.8 (3.6-10.3) mg/day: 5.4 (3.7-12.5) mg/day in men and 4.5 (3.8-8.9) mg/day in women. The overall prevalence (95% CI) of albuminuria was 11.8% (7.2-12.0%): 14.8% in men and 9.2% in women (P = 0.04). The areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for urine albumin concentration were 0.86 (0.82-0.90) and 0.88 (0.84-0.92), respectively, in women and men. The areas under the ROC curves for albumin to creatinine ratio were 0.86 (0.82-0.89) and 0.90 (0.86-0.93), respectively, in women and men. For urine albumin concentration, the sensitivity and specificity were 37 and 97%, respectively, in women and 69 and 94%, respectively, in men at the conventionally recommended value of 2 mg/dl. The discriminator value of urine albumin concentration identified in the analysis was 0.5 mg/dl in women (sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 75%) and 1.7 mg/dl in men (sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 93%). For the albumin to creatinine ratio, the sensitivity and specificity were 46 and 95%, respectively, in women and 60 and 97%, respectively, in men at cut-off value of 30 mg/g. CONCLUSION: Both urine albumin concentration and albumin to creatinine ratio are acceptable tests for population screening for albuminuria in Indo-Asians. While sensitivities may be suboptimal, particularly in women, lowering the existing thresholds would compromise specificity. Those who screen positive need evaluation and management of CKD and prevention of CVD. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17405790&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Decreased muscle PPAR concentrations: a mechanism underlying skeletal muscle abnormalities in COPD? A1 - Sathyapala, SA A1 - Kemp, P A1 - Polkey, MI J1 - Eur Respir J Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 30 SN - 0903-1936 SP - 191 EP - 193 L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17666554&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Prolonged preseasonal treatment phase with Grazax sublingual immunotherapy increases clinical efficacy. A1 - Calderon, MA A1 - Birk, AO A1 - Andersen, JS A1 - Durham, SR J1 - Allergy Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 62 SN - 0105-4538 SP - 958 EP - 961 N2 - BACKGROUND: Sublingual immunotherapy treatment with grass allergen tablets (Grazax) is initiated preseasonally without up-dosing and treatment is continued throughout the entire grass pollen season. Aims of the study: The influence of the duration of preseasonal treatment on clinical efficacy obtained within the grass pollen season was investigated. METHODS: Data from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trials with varying preseasonal treatment periods were analysed. In the grass pollen season, symptom and medication score reductions relative to placebo were calculated and correlated with the duration of the preseasonal treatment period. RESULTS: The analysis was based on data from 934 patients. A significant reduction in seasonal daily rhinoconjunctivitis symptom and medication scores (17%, CI: 1-33% and 23%, CI: 1-47%, P < 0.05) was observed for patients treated with Grazax compared with placebo after approximately 8 weeks of pretreatment. The magnitude of the reductions in rhinoconjunctivitis symptom and medication scores increased with longer duration of preseasonal treatment (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Sublingual immunotherapy with Grazax) must be initiated at least 8 weeks prior to the grass pollen season to provide a significant clinical efficacy. A longer preseasonal treatment period (>8 weeks) improves the clinical efficacy (relative to placebo) during the grass pollen season. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17620076&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Chemokine regulation of atherosclerosis. A1 - Barlic, J A1 - Murphy, PM J1 - J Leukoc Biol Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 82 SN - 0741-5400 SP - 226 EP - 236 N2 - Oxidative stress and inflammation are accepted as major factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but how they interact to produce a plaque has not been delineated clearly. Recent data suggest that oxidized lipids may act in part by regulating production of chemokines and chemokine receptors, which in turn, may direct monocytes and other blood leukocytes to the vessel wall, where they may interact with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The receptors may act at the level of recruitment, retention, and egress, not only through classic, chemotactic mechanisms but also through direct, intercellular adhesion. The results suggest a coordinated mechanism for inflammatory cell accumulation in plaque and identify novel targets, such as CCR2 and CX3CR1, for potential drug development in coronary artery disease. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17329566&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Unravelling the mechanisms underpinning chemokine receptor activation and blockade by small molecules: a fine line between agonism and antagonism? A1 - Wise, E A1 - Pease, JE J1 - Biochem Soc Trans Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 35 SN - 0300-5127 SP - 755 EP - 759 N2 - Chemokines are a family of small basic proteins which induce the directed migration of cells, notably leucocytes, by binding to specific GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Both chemokines and their receptors have been implicated in a host of clinically important diseases, leading to the notion that antagonism of the chemokine-chemokine receptor network may be therapeutically advantageous. Consequently, considerable effort has been put into the development of small-molecule antagonists of chemokine receptors and several such compounds have been described in the literature. One curious by-product of this activity has been the description of several small-molecule agonists of the receptors, which are typically discovered following the optimization of lead antagonists. In this review we discuss these findings and conclude that these small-molecule agonists might be exploited to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which chemokine receptors are activated. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17635141&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Myocardial pre-synaptic sympathetic function correlates with glucose uptake in the failing human heart. A1 - Mongillo, M A1 - John, AS A1 - Leccisotti, L A1 - Pennell, DJ A1 - Camici, PG J1 - Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 34 SN - 1619-7070 SP - 1172 EP - 1177 N2 - PURPOSE: We have previously shown that the myocardium of patients with heart failure (HF) is insulin resistant. Chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation has been implicated in insulin resistance in cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro, where sustained noradrenaline stimulation inhibited insulin-modulated glucose uptake. As the failing heart is characterized by increased sympathetic drive, we hypothesized that there is a correlation between pre-synaptic sympathetic function and insulin sensitivity in the myocardium of patients with HF. METHODS: Eight patients (aged 67 +/- 7 years) with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 44 +/- 10%) underwent function and viability assessment with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Myocardial glucose utilization (MGU) was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Pre-synaptic noradrenaline re-uptake was measured by calculating [(11)C]meta-hydroxy-ephedrine (HED) volume of distribution (V (d)) with PET. Two groups of healthy volunteers served as controls for the FDG (n = 8, aged 52 +/- 4 years, p < 0.01 vs patients) and HED (n = 8, aged 40 +/- 6 years, p < 0.01 vs patients) data. RESULTS: MGU in patients was reduced in both normal remote (0.44 +/- 0.14 mumol.min(-1).g(-1)) and dysfunctional (0.49 +/- 0.14 mumol.min(-1).g(-1)) segments compared with controls (0.61 +/- 0.7 mumol.min(-1).g(-1); p < 0.001 vs both). HED V (d) was reduced in dysfunctional segments of patients (38.9 +/- 21.2 ml.g(-1)) compared with normal segments (52.2 +/- 19.6 ml.g(-1)) and compared with controls (62.7 +/- 11.3 ml.g(-1)). In patients, regional MGU was correlated with HED V (d). CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide novel evidence of a correlation between cardiac sympathetic function and insulin sensitivity, which may represent one of the mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance in failing human hearts. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17294189&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Reproducibility of cardioventilatory measurements using a respiratory mass spectrometer. A1 - Narang, I A1 - Rosenthal, M A1 - Bush, A J1 - Respir Physiol Neurobiol Y1 - 2007/08/01/ VL - 157 SN - 1569-9048 SP - 310 EP - 315 N2 - The aim of this study was to assess the within subject reproducibility of cardioventilatory measurements and the maximum permitted 'normal' variability over time at rest and exercise using the respiratory mass spectrometer (RMS). Ten subjects underwent an incremental exercise test on three separate occasions utilising rebreathing (RB) and helium dilution mixed expired gas analysis (HME) functions of the RMS. Measurements included heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (V(O2)), carbon dioxide excretion (V(VO2)), effective pulmonary blood flow (Q(eff)), stroke volume (SV), arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVO), transfer factor (Dl(CO)), functional residual capacity (FRC), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT) and respiratory quotient (RQ). The coefficients of variation for each variable for the 10 subjects were calculated. At rest, the 90th centile variability for measured cardiopulmonary variables (RB only) was <35%. During exercise, the 90th centile for variability for measured cardiopulmonary variables for HME and RB were < or =20 and <40%, respectively. These measurements in healthy adults should inform sample size in research studies. L1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17188945&query_hl=1 ER - TY - JFULL T1 - Seasonal allergic rhinitis is associated with a detrimental effect on examination performance in United Kingdom teenagers: Case-control study A1 - Walker, S A1 - Khan-Wasti, S A1 - Fletcher, M A1 - Cullinan, P A1 - Harris, J A1 - Sheikh, A J1 - J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN Y1 - 2007/08// VL - 120 SN - 0091-6749 SP - 381 EP - 387 N2 - Background: Seasonal allergic rhinitis is common globally, and symptoms have been shown to impair learning ability in children in laboratory conditions. Critical examinations in children are often held in the summer during the peak grass pollen season.Objective: To investigate whether seasonal allergic rhinitis adversely impacts examination performance in United Kingdom teenagers.Methods: Case-control analysis of 1834 students (age 15-17 years; 50% girls) sitting for national examinations. Cases were those who dropped I or more grades in any of 3 core subjects (mathematics, English, and science) between practice (winter) and final (summer) examinations; controls were those whose grades were either unchanged or improved. Associations between allergic rhinitis symptoms, clinician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis, and allergic rhinitis-related medication use, recorded on examination days immediately before the examination, were assessed using multilevel regression models.Results: Between 38% and 43% of students reported symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis on any 1 of the examination days. There were 662 cases (36% of students) and 1172 controls. After adjustment, cases were significantly more likely than controls to have had allergic rhinitis symptoms during the examination period (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8; P = .002), to have taken any allergic rhinitis medication (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7; P = .01), or to have taken sedating antihistamines (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8; P = .03).Conclusion: Current symptomatic allergic rhinitis and medication use are associated with a significantly increased of unexpectedly ੤