Keystone Publications
A number of publications from researchers in Biomolecular Medicine have considerably advanced the study of metabolism as a tool to understand the processes that underlie health and disease.
The body of work to date has improved both the application of spectroscopy to provide information-rich profiles that report on biological phenomena, and the data analysis tools that allow profiles to be annotated, analysed and integrated with other information in the context of systems biology.
A selection of these key papers is given below:

Biofluid profiling using NMR spectroscopy to study metabolism
Nicholson JK, Lindon JC, Holmes E. 1999. 'Metabonomics': understanding the metabolic responses of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli via multivariate statistical analysis of biological NMR spectroscopic data. Xenobiotica 29(11):1181-9.
A comprehensive review on the application and utility of metabonomics
Nicholson JK, Connelly J, Lindon JC, Holmes E. 2002. Metabonomics: a platform for studying drug toxicity and gene function. Nat Rev Drug Discov 1(2):153-61.
The concept of a 'continuum of metabolism'
Nicholson JK, Wilson ID. 2003. Opinion: understanding 'global' systems biology: metabonomics and the continuum of metabolism. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2(8):668-76.
Introduction of statistical spectroscopic methods to facilitate efficient interrogation of metabolic profile data
Cloarec O, Dumas ME, Craig A, Barton RH, Trygg J, Hudson J, Blancher C, Gauguier D, Lindon JC, Holmes E and others. 2005. Statistical total correlation spectroscopy: an exploratory approach for latent biomarker identification from metabolic 1H NMR data sets. Anal Chem 77(5):1282-9.
Use of metabolic profiles from toxicological studies to produce and expert system for drug toxicity prediction
Lindon JC, Keun HC, Ebbels TM, Pearce JM, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. 2005. The Consortium for Metabonomic Toxicology (COMET): aims, activities and achievements. Pharmacogenomics 6(7):691-9.
Demonstration of pharmacometabonomics as an approach to personalised medicine
Clayton TA, Lindon JC, Cloarec O, Antti H, Charuel C, Hanton G, Provost JP, Le Net JL, Baker D, Walley RJ and others. 2006. Pharmaco-metabonomic phenotyping and personalized drug treatment. Nature 440(7087):1073-7.
Metabonomics as a tool in large-scale molecular epidemiology studies
Dumas ME, Maibaum EC, Teague C, Ueshima H, Zhou B, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK, Stamler J, Elliott P, Chan Q and others. 2006. Assessment of analytical reproducibility of 1H NMR spectroscopy based metabonomics for large-scale epidemiological research: the INTERMAP Study. Anal Chem 78(7):2199-208.
Utility of Metabolome-Wide Association Studies (M-WAS)
Holmes E, Loo RL, Stamler J, Bictash M, Yap IK, Chan Q, Ebbels T, De Iorio M, Brown IJ, Veselkov KA and others. 2008. Human metabolic phenotype diversity and its association with diet and blood pressure. Nature 453(7193):396-400.


